Description
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level-1 Dark Current Study Master Data is derived from the BUV Level 1 Radiance (RUT) product and contains the geophysical indices and classification, geographic and geomagnetic coordinates, solar magnetic parameters and angles; monochromator and photometer pulse count and analog data, and energetic trapped particles. There is one-to-one correspondence between this product and the dark current working data files, the difference is the working product data have been filtered. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one orbit of data from the nighttime descending node. The data files consist of 140 4-byte word records which are blocked with up to 25 records. The average size of an orbit file is 480 kB. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAC-00045 (old ID 70-025A-05H).
BUVN4L1DCW
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level-1 Dark Current Study Working Data is derived from the BUV Level 1 Radiance (RUT) product and contains the geophysical indices and classification, geographic and geomagnetic coordinates, solar magnetic parameters and angles; monochromator and photometer pulse count and analog data, and energetic trapped particles. There is one-to-one correspondence between this product and the dark current master data files, the difference is the working product data have been filtered. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one orbit of data from the nighttime descending node. The data files consist of 140 4-byte word records which are blocked with up to 25 records. The average size of an orbit file is 375 kB. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAC-00054 (old ID 70-025A-05I).
BUVN4L1PDB
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level-1 Radiance and Housekeeping Data in Telemetry Units collection contains the raw counts measured by the Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer every 32 seconds at 12 wavelengths between 250 and 340 nm during the daylit orbit portion. The data collection also contains ephemeris data, experiment subsystem status information, and spacecraft housekeeping and orbit data. This data collection was used to create the Level 1 Radiance U-Tape or RUT product. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one orbit of data. The data files consist of 850 2-byte word records which are blocked in up to ten records. The first record in the file is the header record, followed by a series of data records, and ends with a trailer record. A typical orbit file is about 260 kB in size. The BUV instrument was operational from April 10, 1970 until May 6, 1977. In July 1972 the Nimbus-4 solar power array partially failed such that BUV operations were curtailed. Thus data collected in the later years was increasingly sparse, particularly in the equatorial region. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAC-00024 (old ID 70-025A-05E).
BUVN4L1RUT
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level-1 Radiance data collection was derived from the Primary Data Base (PDB) product and contains the calibrated and geolocated backscattered ultraviolet radiances measured every 32 seconds at 12 wavelengths between 250 and 340 nm during the daylit orbit portion. The data collection also contains quality flags, dark current analyses of the data, orbital information, and housekeeping data. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one orbit of data. The data files consist of 100 4-byte word records which are blocked with up to 25 records. The first record is the header record, followed by a series of data records, and ended with two trailer records. A typical orbit file is about 70 kB in size. The BUV instrument was operational from April 10, 1970 until May 6, 1977. In July 1972 the Nimbus-4 solar power array partially failed such that BUV operations were curtailed. Thus data collected in the later years was increasingly sparse, particularly in the equatorial region. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAC-00055 (old ID 70-025A-05B).
BUVN4L2CPOZ
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level 2 Compressed Ozone Profile Data collection or CPOZ contains total ozone, reflectivities, ozone mixing ratios and layer ozone amounts measured every 32 seconds during the daylit portion of an orbit. Mixing ratios are given at 19 levels: 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 100 mbar. Layer ozone amounts are provided at 12 layers: 0.24, 0.49, 0.99, 1.98, 3.96, 7.92, 15.8, 31.7, 63.3, 127, 253, and 1013 mbar (bottom of layer value). This product is a condensed version of the BUV High-Density Ozone Data Product or (HDBUV). The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one day of data (14 orbits). The files consist of data records each with seventy-two 4-byte words. The first record is the header record, followed by a series of data records, and ends with several trailer records that pad out the original blocked records. A typical daily file is about 100 kB in size. The BUV instrument was operational from April 10, 1970 until May 6, 1977. In July 1972 the Nimbus-4 solar power array partially failed such that BUV operations were curtailed. Thus data collected in the later years was increasingly sparse, particularly in the equatorial region. This product was previously available from the NSSDC as the Compressed Ozone Profile (CPOZ) Data with the identifier ESAC-00010 (old ID 70-025A-05P).
BUVN4L2HDBUV
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level 2 High-Density Ozone Data collection contains the vertical distribtuion and total column amount of ozone, as well as the full set of ancillary information. Each file contains total ozone, reflectivities, ozone mixing ratios and layer ozone amounts measured every 32 seconds during the daylit portion of an orbit. Mixing ratios are given at 19 levels: 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 100 mbar. Layer ozone amounts are provided at 12 layers: 0.24, 0.49, 0.99, 1.98, 3.96, 7.92, 15.8, 31.7, 63.3, 127, 253, and 1013 mbar (bottom of layer value). The data collection also contains quality flags, orbital information, and housekeeping data. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains about one orbit of data. The files consist of data records each with two hundred and seven 4-byte words. The first record is the header record, followed by a series of data records, and ends with several trailer records that pad out the original blocked records. A typical orbit file is about 96 kB in size. The BUV instrument was operational from April 10, 1970 until May 6, 1977. In July 1972 the Nimbus-4 solar power array partially failed such that BUV operations were curtailed. Thus data collected in the later years was increasingly sparse, particularly in the equatorial region. This product was previously available from the NSSDC as the Total and Profile Ozone Data (HDBUV) with the identifier ESAC-00030 (old ID 70-025A-05Q).
BUVN4L3ZMT
The Nimbus-4 BUV Level 3 Ozone Zonal Means collection or ZMT contains total ozone, reflectivities, and ozone mixing ratios averaged in 10 degree latitude zones centered from 80 to -80 degrees. Mixing ratios are given at 19 levels: 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 100 mbar. In addition to the means, files also include the standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, as well as sample size. The data were originally created on IBM 360 machines and archived on magnetic tapes. The data have been restored from the tapes and are now archived on disk in their original IBM binary file format. Each file contains monthly, weekly and daily zonal means, as well as quarterly means if it is the last month of the quarter. The files consist of data records each with one-hundred-eighty 4-byte words. Monthly, weekly, daily and quarterly means are distinguished by the seventh 4-byte word in the records. A typical file is about 380 kB in size. The BUV instrument was operational from April 10, 1970 until May 6, 1977. In July 1972 the Nimbus-4 solar power array partially failed such that BUV operations were curtailed. Thus data collected in the later years was increasingly sparse, particularly in the equatorial region. This product was previously available from the NSSDC as the Zonal Means File (ZMT) with the identifier ESAC-00039 (old ID 70-025A-05O).
ESMRN5IM
ESMRN5IM is the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data product containing daily brightness temperature images from 70-mm photofacsimile film strips. Each frame contains a geographic grid and two groups of three parallel strips of imagery, each containing one-half the orbital data. The spatial coverage is identical in each group, but each strip has a different dynamic range for its gray scale: 100-200 K, 190-270 K, and 250-300 K, respectively. The spatial resolution is 25 x 25 km near nadir, degrading to 160 km cross-track by 45 km down-track at the ends of the scan. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 2 weeks of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in "The Nimbus 5 User's Guide." The primary objectives of the ESMR experiment were: (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture. To accomplish these objectives, the ESMR was capable of continuous global mapping of the 1.55-cm (19.36 GHz) microwave radiation emitted by the earth/atmosphere system, and could function even in the presence of cloud conditions that block conventional satellite infrared sensors. The ESMR instrument made measurements from Dec. 11, 1972 until May 16, 1977. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00192 (old ID 72-097A-04C).
ESMRN5L1
ESMRN5L1 is the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) Level 1 Calibrated Brightness Temperature product and contains calibrated radiances expressed in units of brightness temperature measured at 19.35 GHz. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as the Calibrated Brightness Temperature Tapes (CBTT). The data are archived in their original IBM binary proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The ESMR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The ESMR instrument objectives were (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture. The ESMR Principal Investigator was Dr. Thomas T. Wilheit, Jr. from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 ESMR data are available from December 11, 1972 (day of year 346) through May 16, 1977 (day of year 136) This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00219 (old ID 72-097A-04A).
ESMRN6IM
ESMRN6IM is the Nimbus-6 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) data product containing daily brightness temperature images from 70-mm photofacsimile film strips (both positives and negatives). Each frame contains two sets with a geographic grid and either 10 (F = full scale) or 5 (P1,P2 = partial scale) parallel strips of imagery, each containing one-half of an orbit swath (ascending on left, descending on right). The spatial coverage is identical in each set, but each swath strip has a different dynamic range and polarization. The spatial resolution is about 20 x 45 km near nadir. The images are saved as TIFF digital files. About 5-10 months worth of images are archived into a ZIP file. Additional information about ESMR can be found in "The Nimbus 6 User's Guide." The primary objectives of the ESMR experiment were: (1) to derive the liquid water content of clouds from brightness temperatures over oceans, (2) to observe differences between sea ice and the open sea over the polar caps, and (3) to test the feasibility of inferring surface composition and soil moisture. To accomplish these objectives, the ESMR was capable of continuous global mapping of the 0.81 cm (37.0 GHz) microwave radiation emitted by the earth/atmosphere system, using both horizontal and vertical polarized components. The ESMR instrument performance was satisfactory until September 15, 1976, when the horizontal channel failed. Another ESMR instrument was flown on Nimbus 5. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00201 (old ID 75-052A-03B).
The Nimbus-6 High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HIRS) and (SCAMS) Merged Level 2 Radiation, Temperature and Humidity Sounding Data for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) data product contains measurements at standard pressure levels from 1000 to 1 mbar. This product was generated by the former Goddard Applications Directorate on the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) as a data system test in support of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP). The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements. The HIRS experiment on Nimbus-6 was a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 ITPR experiment. HIRS was a multi-channel filter radiometer with a Cassegrain telescope before the chopper assembly. The instrument scanned in the cross track direction with 21 scans on each side of the subtrack point with about 30 km x 55 km resolution at nadir. HIRS measured radiances primarily in five spectral regions: (1) seven channels near the 15-micrometer CO2 absorption band, (2) two channels (11.1 and 3.7 micrometers) in the IR window, (3) two channels (8.2 and 6.7 micrometers) in the water vapor absorption band, (4) five channels in the 4.3-micrometer band, and (5) one channel in the visible 0.69-micrometer region. The SCAMS experiment on Nimbus-6 was a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 NEMS experiment. SCAMS continuously monitored emitted microwave radiation at frequencies of 22.235, 31.65, 52.85, 53.85 and 55.45 GHz. The three channels near the 5.0-mm oxygen absorption band were used primarily to deduce atmospheric temperature profiles. The two channels near 10 mm permitted water vapor and cloud water content over calm oceans to be estimated separately. The instrument, a Dicke-superheterodyne type, scanned +/- 45 degrees normal to the orbital plane with a 10 degree field of view. The three oxygen channels shared common signal and reference antennas. Both water vapor channels had their own signals and reference antennas. The absolute rms accuracy of the oxygen channels was better than 2 Kelvin and that of the water vapor channels better than 1 Kelvin. The HIRS Principal Investigator was Mr. W. L. Smith from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. The SCAMS Principal Investigator was Prof. David H. Staelin from MIT. The Nimbus-6 HIRS and SCAMS merged data are available from August 17, 1975 through March 4, 1976. These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00017 together with the merged retrieval data set.
HIRSN6IM
The HIRSN6IM data product consists of images of brightness temperatures on 70 mm film strips from the Nimbus-6 High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder. Each display contains black and white images at either full vertical scale (F) or partial vertical scale (P). A full scale mode image will contain one orbit of data or 125 minutes of data, while a partial scale mode image will contain twice the vertical scale and thus requires two images for an orbit of data (the last 60 minutes on the first image, P1 and the remaining data on the second image, P2). There are 10 channels (swaths) for an orbit on each image, with a header identifying the channel (1-1, 6-6, etc.). An 18-step gray scale is found at the bottom. Time and geographic information is encoded in the center of the image. Conversion from the 18-step gray scale to brightness temperatures can be found in a table in each of the first six volumes of "The Nimbus 6 Data Catalog." The HIRS experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 ITPR experiment. HIRS was a multi-channel filter radiometer with a Cassegrain telescope before the chopper assembly. The instrument scans in the cross track direction with 21 scans on each side of the subtrack point with about 30 km x 55 km resolution at nadir. HIRS measured radiances primarily in five spectral regions: (1) seven channels near the 15-micrometer CO2 absorption band, (2) two channels (11.1 and 3.7 micrometers) in the IR window, (3) two channels (8.2 and 6.7 micrometers) in the water vapor absorption band, (4) five channels in the 4.3-micrometer band, and (5) one channel in the visible 0.69-micrometer region. The HIRS Principal Investigator was Mr. W. L. Smith from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. The Nimbus-6 HIRS data are available from August 17, 1975 (day of year 229) through March 4, 1976 (day of year 238). These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00094 (old id 75-052A-02A).
HIRSN6L1GARP
The Nimbus-6 High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HIRS) Level 1 Calibrated Radiances for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) data product contains daily infrared radiances. The HIRS was designed to measure surface temperature and albedo, temperature and H2O profiles, cloud liquid water content, cloud amount and outgoing longwave fluxes in the infrared. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements. The HIRS experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 ITPR experiment. HIRS was a multi-channel filter radiometer with a Cassegrain telescope before the chopper assembly. The instrument scans in the cross track direction with 21 scans on each side of the subtrack point with about 30 km x 55 km resolution at nadir. HIRS measured radiances primarily in five spectral regions: (1) seven channels near the 15-micrometer CO2 absorption band, (2) two channels (11.1 and 3.7 micrometers) in the IR window, (3) two channels (8.2 and 6.7 micrometers) in the water vapor absorption band, (4) five channels in the 4.3-micrometer band, and (5) one channel in the visible 0.69-micrometer region. The HIRS Principal Investigator was Mr. W. L. Smith from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Service. The Nimbus-6 HIRS data are available from August 17, 1975 (day of year 229) through March 4, 1976 (day of year 238). These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00017 together with the merged retrieval data set).
HRIRN1IM
HRIRN1IM is the Nimbus-1 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital nighttime (3.5 to 4.1 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the north pole to the south pole. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus I Users' Guide." The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-1 satellite and was operational from August 28, 1964 through September 22, 1964. Dr. L. L. Foshee of the US Army Electronics Command was the Principal Investigator. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00135 (old ID 64-052A-03B).
HRIRN1L1
HRIRN1L1 is the High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) Nimbus-1 Level 1 Meteorological Radiance Data (NMRT) product and contains infrared radiances converted to equivalent black-body temperature or "brightness" temperature values. he data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-1 satellite and was operational from August 28, 1964 through September 22, 1964 when the spacecraft malfunctioned. Dr. L. L. Foshee of the US Army Electronics Command was the Principal Investigator. Measurements taken during daytime do not reveal true surface temperaturessince the radiometer operates in the 3.5 to 4.1 micron region, and reflectedsolar radiation is added to emitted surface radiation. However, reflected sunlight in this spectral region does not saturate the radiometer output and usable pictures can be made. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00209 (old ID 64-052A-03A).
HRIRN2IM
HRIRN2IM is the Nimbus-2 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital nighttime (3.5 to 4.1 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the north pole to the south pole. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus II Users' Guide. "The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. This HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-2 satellite and was operational from May 15, 1966 through November 15, 1966. Dr. L. L. Foshee of the US Army Electronics Command was the Principal Investigator. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00226 (old ID 66-040A-03B).
HRIRN2L1
HRIRN2L1 is the High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) Nimbus-2 Level 1 Meteorological Radiance Data (NMRT) product and contains infrared radiances converted to equivalent black-body temperature or "brightness" temperature values. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-2 satellite and was operational from May 16, 1966 through November 15, 1966. Dr. L. L. Foshee of the US Army Electronics Command was the Principal Investigator. Measurements taken during daytime do not reveal true surface temperatures since the radiometer operates in the 3.5 to 4.1 micron region, and reflected solar radiation is added to emitted surface radiation. However, reflected sunlight in this spectral region does not saturate the radiometer output and usable pictures can be made. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00108 (old ID 66-040A-03A).
HRIRN3IM
HRIRN3IM is the Nimbus-3 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital daytime (0.7 to 1.3 microns) and nighttime (3.4 to 4.2 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the south pole to the north pole (day) and the north pole to the south pole (night). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus III Users' Guide." The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-3 satellite and was operational from April 22, 1969 through January 31, 1970. Mr. G. Thomas Cherrix from Goddard Space Flight Center was the Principal Investigator. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00223 (old ID 69-037A-02B).
HRIRN3L1
HRIRN3L1 is the High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) Nimbus-3 Level 1 Meteorological Radiance Data (NMRT) product and contains infrared radiances converted to equivalent black-body temperature or "brightness" temperature values. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. The HRIR flown on Nimbus-3 was modified to allow nighttime and daytime cloud cover mapping by use of dual band-pass filter which transmits 0.7 to 1.3 micron, and 3.4 to 4.2 micron radiation. The HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-3 satellite and was operational from April 14, 1966 through July 22, 1969. Nighttime operation was made in the 3.4 to 4.2 micron near infrared region. Daytime operation was based on the predominance of reflected solar energy in the 0.7 to 1.3 micron region. Change-over from nighttime to daytime operation was accomplished automatically (or by ground station command), by actuating a relay in the early stages of the radiometer electronics. The system gain was reduced in the daytime mode to compensate for the higher energy levels. Mr. G. Thomas Cherrix from Goddard Space Flight Center was the Principal Investigator. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00222 (old ID 69-037A-02C).
IRISN4RAD
The Nimbus-4 Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS) Level 1 Radiance Data contain thermal emissions of the Earth's atmosphere at wave numbers between 400 and 1600 cm**-1, with a nominal resolution of 2.8 cm**-1. The data also contain documentation information, reference calibration, average instrument temperatures, and a summary for each orbital pass. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, and each file contains an entire day of measurements. The product contains data from April 9, 1970 (day of year 99) through Jan 31, 1971 (day of year 31). The IRIS instrument was designed to provide information on the vertical structure of the atmosphere and on the emissive properties of the earth's surface by measuring the surface and atmospheric radiation in the 6.25 to 25 micrometer range using a modified Michelson interferometer. IRIS viewed along the satellite track direction with a spatial resolution of 94 km at nadir. A Fourier transform was applied to the interferograms to produce thermal emmision spectra of the Earth which could be used to derive vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor, and ozone, as well as other parameters of meteorological interest. The Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer (IRIS) experiment on Nimbus-4 is a follow on experiment to the Nimbus-3 IRIS experiment. The IRIS Principal Investigator was Dr. Rudolf A. Hanel. These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00093 (originally 70-025A-03A).
ITPRN5L1
ITPRN5L1 is the Nimbus-5 Infrared Temperature Profile Radiometer (ITPR) Level-1 Calibrated Radiances data product which contains radiances at 7 infrared spectral regions (2683.0, 899.0, 747.0, 713.8, 689.5, 668.3, and 507.4 cm-1) in a single binary data file. Four are centered near the 15 micron CO2 band, one interval in the water vapor rotational band near 20 microns and two spectral intervals in the atmospheric window regions near 3.7 and 11 microns. The instrument scan sequence consists of three separate grid matrices, to the right, center and left of nadir. Each matrix consists of 10 scan lines with 14 scenes per scan. Each scan footprint is 32 km wide. Due to problems with the instrument, data are limited to three time periods from 14 February 1975 to 1 March 1975 covering East Asia, from 10 May 1976 to 4 June 1976 covering the United States and the Gulf, and from 1 September 1976 to 30 September 1976 covering southern Australia and New Zealand. The principal investigator for the ITPR experiment was William L. Smith from NOAA.
LIMSN7L1PROFILER
LIMSN7L1PROFILER is the Nimbus-7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) Level-1 Profiles of Radiance Data product and contains selected daily vertical profiles across the earth’s atmospheric limb derived from the LIMS Level-1 Radiance Archival Tape (RAT) data product. Measurements are obtained, as a function of tangent height (or scan angle), once every 12 seconds in each of the six spectral bands (two 15-micrometer CO2 bands (narrow and wide), an 11.3-micrometer HNO3 band, a 9.6-micrometer O3 band, a 6.9-micrometer H2O band, and a 6.2-micrometer NO2 band) from the highest pressure level to the lowest in steps of 0.1 km Each file contains one days worth of data (~14 orbits per day). LIMS is a limb profiler and spatial coverage is near global between latitude -64 and +84 degrees. Vertical coverage is from about 10 to 50 km (O3 channel to 65 km), with vertical resolution of about 1.5 km. The data are available from 25 October 1978 through 30 May 1979. The principal investigators for the LIMS experiment were Dr. James M. Russell, III from NASA Langley and Dr. John Gille from NCAR. This product was previously available from the NASA National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) under the name LIMS Radiance Archival Data with the identifier ESAC-00032 (old id 78-098A-01B).
LIMSN7L1RAT
LIMSN7L1RAT is the Nimbus-7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) Level-1 Radiance Data product. It contains calibrated, earth-located radiances, as well as housekeeping information, instrument status, and data quality information. Radiances of the Earth limb were measured both day and night in six spectral bands (6.2, 6.3, 9.6, 11.3, and two at 15 micrometers). Though calibrated, the radiances are not corrected for instrument effects such as field-of-view, electronic delay, and spacecraft motion. Each file contains one orbit of data (~14 orbits per day). LIMS is a limb profiler and spatial coverage is near global between latitude -64 and +84 degrees. Vertical coverage is from about 10 to 50 km (O3 channel to 65 km), with vertical resolution of about 1.5 km. The data are available from 25 October 1978 through 30 May 1979. The principal investigators for the LIMS experiment were Dr. James M. Russell, III from NASA Langley and Dr. John Gille from NCAR. This product was previously available from the NASA National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) under the name LIMS Radiance Archival Data with the identifier ESAC-00032 (old id 78-098A-01B).
LIMSN7L2
The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) version 6 Level-2 data product consists of daily, geolocated, vertical profiles of temperature, geopotential height, and mixing ratios of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). Version 6 LIMS data have improved spatial resolution in both the vertical and along the orbital track, as well as improved accuracy and precision of measured geophysical parameters. The data files are in an ASCII text format and each data file is accompanied by three data screening files. The LIMS instrument was launched on the Nimbus-7 satellite and was operational from 25 October 1978 until May 28, 1979. These data supersede the previous version 5 product, known as the LIMS Inverted Profile Archival Tape (LAIPAT).
LIMSN7L3
The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) version 6 Level-3 data product consists of daily, 2 degree zonal Fourier coefficients, of vertical profiles of temperature, geopotential height, and mixing ratios of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). The data are on 28 pressure levels, equally spaced logarithmically, between 316 hPa and 0.01 hPa. Version 6 LIMS data have improved accuracy and precision of measured geophysical parameters. The data files are in an ASCII text format compressed using gzip. The LIMS instrument was launched on the Nimbus-7 satellite and was operational from 25 October 1978 until May 28, 1979. These data supercede the previous version 5 products, known as the LIMS Map Archival Tape (LAMAT) and the LIMS Seasonal Map Archival Tape (LASMAT).
LRIRN6L2IPAT
LRIRN6L2IPAT is the Nimbus-6 Limb Radiance Inversion Radiometer (LRIR) Level 2 Inverted Profiles of Temperature and Ozone data product. The product contains daily profiles of temperature and ozone concentration profiles that were inverted from radiances measured in four spectral regions: two in the 15 micron carbon dioxide band; one in the 9.7 micron ozone band; and one located in the rotational water vapor band (23 to 27 microns). The calibrated radiances are also included in this product. There are a maximum of 13 orbits per day each with up to 115 profiles per orbit. LRIR is a limb profiler with spatial coverage from latitude -64 to +84 degrees. Vertical profiles are provided at 17 standard pressure levels (from 100 to 0.1 mbar, i.e., from 15 to 64 km) with about 1.5 km vertical resolution. The instrument operated successfully and data are available from 20 June 1975 to 6 January 1976. After this, the detector temperature began to rise rapidly, and the instrument was turned off. The principal investigator for the LRIR experiment was Dr. John Gille from NCAR. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00037 (old ID 75-052A-04A).
MRIRN2IM
MRIRN2IM is the Nimbus-2 Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer (MRIR) data product consisting of 4 x 5 inch photographic film sheets. Each film sheet contains an entire orbit (daylight portion) of brightness temperatures measured at five wavelength bands: 6.4-6.9, 10-11, 14-16, 5-30, and 0.2-4.0 micrometers. There are also associated latitude grids, time, and gray scales representing different temperatures. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 3 weeks of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data set are contained in section 4.3.4 of the "Nimbus II Users' Guide." The MRIR experiment measured the intensity and distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by and reflected from the earth and its atmosphere in five selected wavelength intervals from 0.2 to 30 micrometers. Data for heat balance of the earth-atmosphere system were obtained, as well as measurements of water vapor distribution, surface or near-surface temperatures, and seasonal changes of stratospheric temperature distribution. The MRIR experiment was successful, and good data were obtained from launch on May 15 1966 until the recorder failed on July 29, 1966. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00003 (old ID 66-040A-04B).
MRIRN2L1
The Nimbus 2 Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer (MRIR) was designed to measure electromagnetic radiation emitted and reflected from the earth and its atmosphere at 5 wavelengths. The five wavelengths regions are as follows: * 6.7 to 6.9 microns: This channel covers the 6.7 micron water vapor absorption band. Its purpose is to provide information on water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and, in conjunction with the other channels to provide relative humidities at these altitudes * 10 to 11 microns: This channel measures surface or near surface temperatures over clear portions of the atmosphere. It also provides cloud cover and cloud height information (day and night). * 14 to 16 microns: This channel, centered about the strong absorption band of C02 at 15 microns, measures radiation which emanates primarily from the stratosphere. * 5 to 30 microns: This channel measures the emitted long wavelength infrared energy and, in conjunction with the reflected solar radiation channel furnishes data on the heat budget of the planet. * 0.2 to 4.0 microns: This channel covers more than 99% of the solar spectrum and yields information on the intensity of the reflected solar energy from the earth and its atmosphere. The Nimbus 2 HRIR data are stored in a binary TAP format (proprietary Tape emulated format) .The MRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-2 satellite and was operational from May 15, 1966 through July 28, 1966.
MRIRN3IM
MRIRN3IM is the Nimbus-3 Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer (MRIR) data product consisting of 4 x 5 inch photographic film sheets. Each film sheet contains an entire orbit (daylight portion) of brightness temperatures measured at five wavelength bands: 6.5-7.0, 10-11, 14.5-15.5, 5-30, and 0.2-4.0 micrometers. There are also associated latitude grids, time, and gray scales representing different temperatures. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 3 weeks of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data set are contained in section 4 of the "Nimbus III Users' Guide." The MRIR experiment measured the intensity and distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted by and reflected from the earth and its atmosphere in five selected wavelength intervals from 0.2 to 30 micrometers. Data for heat balance of the earth-atmosphere system were obtained, as well as measurements of water vapor distribution, surface or near-surface temperatures, and seasonal changes of stratospheric temperature distribution. The MRIR experiment obtained data from April 15 1969 until February 4, 1970. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00184 (old ID 69-037A-05A).
MRIRN3L1
MRIRN3L1 is the Nimbus-3 Medium-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (MRIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiance Data product and contain radiances expressed as equivalent blackbody temperature or "brightness" temperature, along with geolocation, time and other housekeeping information. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The MRIR instrument was designed to measure infrared electromagnetic radiation emitted and reflected from the Earth and its atmosphere at 5 wavelengths. The five wavelengths regions are as follows: (1) 6.5 to 7.0 microns - This channel covers the 6.7 micron water vapor absorption band. Its purpose is to provide information on water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and, in conjunction with the other channels to provide data concerning relative humidities at these altitudes. (2) 10 to 11 microns - Operating in an atmospheric "window," this channel measures surface or near-surface temperatures over clear portions of the atmosphere. It also provides cloud cover and cloud height information (day and night). (3) 14.5 to 15.5 microns - This channel, centered about the strong absorption band of C02 at 15 microns, measures radiation which emanates primarily from the stratosphere. The information gained here is of primary importance to in following seasonal stratospheric temperature changes. (4) 20 to 23 microns - This channel yields data from the spectral region containing the broad rotational absorption bands of water vapor. It will provide information similar to that of the 6.5 to 7.0 micron channel except that the flux will largely be radiated from lower in the atmosphere. (5) 0.2 to 4.0 microns - This channel covers more than 99% of the solar spectrum and yields information on the intensity of the reflected solar energy from the earth and its atmosphere. These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC as product NMRT-MRIR under the entry ID ESAD-00183 (originally 69-037A-05B).
NEMSN5L2
NEMSN5L2 is the Nimbus-5 or Nimbus-E Microwave Spectrometer (NEMS) Level-2 Output Data product and contains surface reflectivity, water vapor, liquid water, layer thickness, temperature at standard pressure levels, surface brightness temperature, and surface type information, as well as the input antenna and brightness temperatures at 5 microwave channels (H2O channels 22.235 and 31.4 GHz, and O2 channels 53.65, 54.9 and 58.8 GHz). The NEMS instrument views the nadir with a footprint is a 180-km diameter circle on the earth's surface. Data are available for the time period from 1972-12-17 to 1973-10-31 with data for about five days stored in a single binary data file. The principal investigator for the NEMS experiment was David H. Staelin from MIT. An advanced version of this instrument, the Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS) was flown on the subsequent Nimbus-6 satellite.
NMCN6L2GARP
The NMCN6L2GARP is the Nimbus-6 Level 2 NMC Data Systems Test for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) product. The product consists of meterological parameters, such as relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc., reported every 6 hours. Data Systems Tests (DST) 5 and 6 were conducted to assess the NMC's numerical analysis and forecasting, and to determine the impact of meteorological satellite data from Nimbus-6 HRIR and SCAMS. DST-5 ran for the period of 30 August to 4 September 1975, and DST-6 was conducted from 29 February to 3 March 1976. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as orbit files in their original proprietary binary format each with a days worth of data (14 orbits). These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00094 (old id 775-052A-02B).
NMCN6L3GARP
The NMCN6L3GARP is the Nimbus-6 Level 3 NMC Data Systems Test for the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) product. The product consists of meterological parameters, such as relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc. an a regular lat/lon grid reported every 12 hours. Data Systems Tests (DST) 5 and 6 were conducted to assess the NMC's numerical analysis and forecasting, and to determine the impact of meteorological satellite data from Nimbus-6 HRIR and SCAMS. DST-5 ran for the period of 30 August to 4 September 1975, and DST-6 was conducted from 29 February to 3 March 1976. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as orbit files in their original proprietary binary format with a days worth of data. These data were previously archived at NASA NSSDC under the entry ID ESAD-00094 (old id 775-052A-02B).
PMRN6L1RAD_CDROM
PMRN6L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-6 Pressure Modulated Radiometer (PMR) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances are measured at CO2 lines in the 15 micron band. The purpose of the PMR experiment is to measure the temperature of the upper stratosphere and mesosphere from 40 to 90 km with a vertical resolution of about 10 km, and 500 km horizontal resolution. This product contains radiances in a daily 4 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, as well as copies of the original tapes. The data for this product are available from 16 June 1975 to 24 June 1978. The principal investigator for the PMR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on two CD-ROMs in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in gzipped Unix tar archive files. The first CD-ROM contains the gridded radiance data and a few original tape data files, the second CD-ROM contains the remaining compressed copies of the original data tapes. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.
SAMSN7L1RAD_CDROM
SAMSN7L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances were selected to derive gas concentrations at the wavelength bands 15 (CO2), 25-100 (H2O) 4-5 (CO and NO), and 7.7 (N2O and CH4) microns in the stratosphere and mesosphere, with a resolution of 100 km in the horizontal by 10 km in the vertical at the limb. This product contains radiances in a daily 2.5 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, gridded temperature profiles at 100, 30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 and 0.003 hPa, as well as the calibration, apriori and reformatted copies of the original tapes. The data for this product are available from 22 October 1978 through June 9 1983, with a few additional raw radiances to 16 April 1984. The principal investigators for the SAMS experiment were Prof. John T. Houghton and Dr. Fredric W. Taylor from Oxford University. This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on a set of 53 CD-ROMs in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in gzipped Unix tar archive files. The first CD-ROM contains the a-priori temperature profile, monthly mean retrieved temperature profile, pre-launch calibration, housekeeping and instrument subsystem status files. CD-ROMs 2-5 contain the gridded temperature data. CD-ROMs 6-22 contain the radiances from the C-series and G-series tapes, and CD-ROMs 34-53 contain the raw radiance values from the R-series tape. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.
SAMSN7L1RAT
SAMSN7L1RAT is the gridded Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances were selected to derive gas concentrations at the wavelength bands 15 (CO2), 25-100 (H2O) 4-5 (CO and NO), and 7.7 (N2O and CH4) microns in the stratosphere and mesosphere, with a vertical resolution of 10 km. The instrument scanned the vertical from about 15 km to 140 km. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as orbit files in their original proprietary binary format each with about 14 orbits per day. The data for this product are available from 26 October 1978 through June 9 1983. The principal investigators for the SAMS experiment were Prof. John T. Houghton and Dr. Fredric W. Taylor from Oxford University. This product was subsequently used to create the SAMS/Nimbus-7 Level 1 Radiance Data from CD-ROM product (SAMSN7L1RAD_CDROM), a set of 53 CD-ROMs.
SAMSN7L3GRIDT
SAMSN7L3GRIDT is the Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) Level 3 Gridded Retrieval Temperature Data Product. The Earth's surface is divided into 2.5 deg latitude by 10 deg longitude grids that extend from 50 deg South to 67.5 deg North. The data are stored in two different record types. The first contains temperatures at all 62 retrieved pressure levels between 246 and 0.0012 mbar, and the second contains temperature and error values at 10 standard pressure levels: 100, 30, 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 and 0.003 mbar. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as daily files in their original proprietary binary format. The data for this product are available from 24 December 1978 through 9 June 1983. The principal investigators for the SAMS experiment were Prof. John T. Houghton and Dr. Fredric W. Taylor from Oxford University. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00016 (old ID 78-098A-02B).
SAMSN7L3ZMTG
SAMSN7L3ZMTG is the Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) Level 3 Zonal Means Composition Data Product. The Earth's surface is divided into 2.5-deg latitudinal zones that extend from 50 deg South to 67.5 deg North. Retrieved mixing ratios of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are averaged over day and night, along with errors, at 31 pressure levels between 50 and 0.125 mbar. Because the N2O and CH4 channels cannot function simultaneously, only one type of measurement is made for any nominal day. The data were recovered from the original magnetic tapes, and are now stored online as one file in its original proprietary binary format. The data for this product are available from 1 January 1979 through 30 December 1981. The principal investigators for the SAMS experiment were Prof. John T. Houghton and Dr. Fredric W. Taylor from Oxford University. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00180 (old ID 78-098A-02C).
SBUVN7O3
The version 8 SBUV Nimbus-7 ozone data were first released at the 2004 Quadrennial Ozone Symposium on DVD. The DVD contained all of the SBUV/2 data from NOAA-9, NOAA-11 and NOAA-16 satellites as well as SBUV data from the Nimbus-7 satellite. The DVD is no longer available, however all the data are available on-line from the NASA GES DISC. The Nimbus-7 SBUV v8 data are available from 1978-10-31 to 1990-06-21. The instrument spatial resolution is 180 km x 180 km footprint at nadir. The ozone profiles are made at 21 pressure levels between 1000 and 0.1 hPa. Each data file contains a days worth of ozone measurements, and is written in an ASCII text format. The SBUV measures incoming solar irradiance and radiance backscattered by the atmosphere at 12 wavelengths in the UV range [0.25-0.34 micrometer] with a spectral band pass of 0.001 micrometer. The wavelength channels used for ozone retrievals for SBUV were: 256, 273, 283, 288, 292, 298, 302, 306, 312, 318, 331, and 340 nm. Radiation at these wavelengths are absorbed by ozone, such that the difference between the incoming and outgoing radiation can be related to the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. The SBUV consists of a double Ebert-Fastie spectrometer and a filter photometer similar to the BUV on Nimbus 4. The bandwidth of the photometer is about 3 nm and the spectral resolution for SBUV monochromator is 1.1 nm.
SCAMSN6L2
The Nimbus-6 Scanning Microwave Spectrometer (SCAMS) Level 2 data product contains water vapor and temperature profiles, as well as antenna and brightness temperatures. SCAMS was designed to map tropospheric temperature profiles, water vapor abundance, and cloud water content to be used for weather prediction even in the presence of clouds, which block conventional satellite infrared sensors. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from 9-track magnetic tapes. The data are archived in their original IBM 32-bit word binary record format, also referred to as a binary TAP file, and contain one orbit of measurements. The SCAMS experiment on Nimbus-6 is a follow on to the successful Nimbus-5 NEMS experiment. SCAMS continuously monitored emitted microwave radiation at frequencies of 22.235, 31.65, 52.85, 53.85 and 55.45 GHz. The three channels near the 5.0-mm oxygen absorption band were used primarily to deduce atmospheric temperature profiles. The two channels near 10 mm permitted water vapor and cloud water content over calm oceans to be estimated separately. The instrument, a Dicke-superheterodyne type, scanned +/- 45 degrees normal to the orbital plane with a 10 degree field of view. The three oxygen channels shared common signal and reference antennas. Both water vapor channels had their own signals and reference antennas. The absolute rms accuracy of the oxygen channels was better than 2 Kelvin and that of the water vapor channels better than 1 Kelvin. The SCAMS Principal Investigator was Prof. David H. Staelin from MIT. The Nimbus-6 SCAMS data are available from June 15, 1975 (day of year 166) through May 31, 1976 (day of year 152). This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00093 (old ID 75-052A-10A).
SCMRN5L1RAD
SCMRN5L1RAD is the Nimbus-5 Surface Composition Mapping Radiometer (SCMR) Level 1 Calibrated and Geolocated Radiances data product. SCMR measured (1) terrestrial radiation in the 8.3 to 9.3 micron and 10.2 to 11.2 micron intervals and (2) reflected solar radiation in the 0.8 to 1.1 micron range. Surface composition and sea surface temperatures could be obtained from these measurements. The SCMR had an instantaneous field of view (FOV) of 0.6 mrad, equivalent to a ground resolution of 660 m at nadir. The scan mirror rotated at 10 rps to provide scan lines 800 km wide across the spacecraft track. Data are available from December 11, 1972 through December 30, 1972. A modified version of this instrument, the Heat Capacity Mapping Radiometer, was flown on the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) in 1978.
SCRN4L1RAD
SCRN4L1RAD is the Nimbus-4 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Calibrated Radiances data product. The calibrated radiances are measured at 6 channels from 2.3 to 15 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km, and are "declouded" (interpolated and smoothed across regions of cloud). The radiances were used to obtain the temperatures of six successive 10-km layers of the atmosphere from earth or cloudtop level to 60-km height. The data were recovered from the original 9-track tapes, and are now stored online as daily files in their original proprietary binary format with about 14 orbits per day. Spatial coverage is near global from latitude -80 to +80 degrees. The data are available from 27 July 1970 (day of year 208) to 20 February 1973 (day of year 51). The channel 1 temperature monitoring system failed on June 15, 1970, thereby reducing the accuracy of the SCR data. Channels 3 and 4 became noisy and unusable on April 18, 1972. The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00096 (old ID 78-098A-10E).
SCRN4L1RAD_CDROM
SCRN4L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-4 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances are measured by 16 channels at 2.3 to 15 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km. The CD-ROM contains corrected radiances in a daily 4 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, as well as the original orbit format. The data for this product are available from 27 July 1970 to 2 November 1972. The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on a single CD-ROM in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in a single gzipped Unix tar archive file. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.
SCRN5L1RAD
SCRN5L1RAD is the Nimbus-5 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Calibrated Radiances data product. The calibrated radiances are measured at 16 channels from 2.3 to 133 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km, and are "declouded" (interpolated and smoothed across regions of cloud). The radiances were used to obtain the global temperature structure of the atmosphere up to 50 km altitude, the distribution of water vapor, and the density of ice particles in cirrus clouds. The data were recovered from the original 9-track tapes, and are now stored online as daily files in their original proprietary binary format with about 14 orbits per day. Spatial coverage is near global from latitude -80 to +80 degrees. The data are available from 13 December 1972 (day of year 347) to 26 December 1974 (day of year 360). The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00250 (old ID 72-097A-02A).
SCRN5L1RAD_CDROM
SCRN5L1RAD_CDROM is the gridded Nimbus-5 Selective Chopper Radiometer (SCR) Level 1 Radiance Data Product. The radiances are measured by 16 channels at 2.3 to 15 micrometers with a ground resolution of 25 km. This product contains corrected and uncorrected radiances in a daily 4 degree latitude x 10 degree longitude grid format, as well as the original orbit format and reformatted copies of the original tapes. This was the follow-on to the SCR experiment flown on Nimbus-4. The data for this product are available from 13 December 1972 to 20 April 1978. The principal investigator for the SCR experiment was Dr. John T. Houghton from Oxford University. This product was created by the Oxford University's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics (AOPP) group. The data are stored on a set of 28 CD-ROMs in ASCII files of hexadecimal characters, and are available in gzipped Unix tar archive files. The first CD-ROM contains the gridded radiance data and a few original tape data files, the subsequent CD-ROMs contain the remaining compressed copies of the original data tapes. The byte-ordering in the data files follows the DEC convention for 16-bit integers of less significant byte first. Normal 2's complement integer storage is assumed.
SIRSN3L1
SIRSN3L1 is the Nimbus-3 Satellite Infrared Spectrometer (SIRS) Level 1 Radiance Data product. SIRS measured infrared radiation (11 to 36 micrometers) emitted from the earth and its atmosphere in 13 selected spectral intervals in the carbon dioxide and water vapor bands plus one channel in the 11-micrometer atmospheric window. The radiances were used to determine the vertical temperature and water vapor profiles of the atmosphere. The data were recovered from the original 6250 tapes, and are now stored online as daily files in their original proprietary binary format each with about 14 orbits per day. The Nimbus-3 SIRS only viewed the nadir of the subsatellite track. Spatial coverage is near global from about latitude -80 to +80 degrees. The data are available from 08 April 1970 (day of year 98) to 08 April 1971. The principal investigator for the SIRS experiment was Dr. David Q. Wark from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00130 (old ID 70-025A-04A).
SIRSN4L1
SIRSN4L1 is the Nimbus-4 Satellite Infrared Spectrometer (SIRS) Level 1 Radiance Data product. SIRS measured infrared radiation (11 to 36 micrometers) emitted from the earth and its atmosphere in 13 selected spectral intervals in the carbon dioxide and water vapor bands plus one channel in the 11-micrometer atmospheric window. The radiances were used to determine the vertical temperature and water vapor profiles of the atmosphere. The data were recovered from the original 6250 tapes, and are now stored online as daily files in their original proprietary binary format each with about 14 orbits per day. The Nimbus-4 SIRS used a scan mirror to observe 12.5 deg to either side of the subsatellite track. Spatial coverage is near global from latitude -85 to +85 degrees. The data are available from 08 April 1970 (day of year 98) to 08 April 1971. The principal investigator for the SIRS experiment was Dr. David Q. Wark from the NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00130 (old ID 70-025A-04A).
SMMRN7IM
SMMRN7IM is the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) Color Image data product scanned from 17" x 15" color prints and saved as JPEG-2000 files. Sea surface temperature, sea surface winds, total atmospheric water vapor over oceans, total atmospheric liquid water over oceans, including brightness temperature parameters are available as both 6-day composites and 1-month averages between 64 south and north latitudes in Mercator projection. Sea ice fraction, sea ice and ocean surface temperature, sea ice concentration, including brightness temperature parameters are available as both 3-day and 1-month averages in north and south polar stereographic projections. Images may contain between one and three measured parameters. These SMMR images are available from 30 October 1978 through 2 November 1983. The principal investigator for the SMMR experiment was Dr. Per Gloersen from NASA GSFC. These products were previously available from the NSSDC under the ids ESAD-00007, ESAD-00056, ESAD-00123, ESAD-00124, ESAD-00162, ESAD-00172, ESAD-00173, ESAD-00176 ESAD-00177, ESAD-00178, and ESAD-00241 (old ids 78-098A-08I-S).
THIRN4IMCH67
THIRN4IMCH67 is the Nimbus-4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 microns on 70 mm photofacsimile film strips. Daytime and nighttime orbital swaths are displayed in strips, each corresponding to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution of 22.6 km at nadir decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Each film strip is gridded with geographic coordinates and is identified by orbit number, time, and an indication of whether it is daytime (D) or nighttime (N). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 1 week of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in section 3.4.1 of "The Nimbus IV User's Guide". The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5- to 12.5-micrometer region (IR window) and the 6.5- to 7.0-micrometer region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from April 18, 1970 until April 8, 1971. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00194 (old ID 70-025A-02B).
THIRN4L1CH115
THIRN4L1CH115 is the Nimbus-4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-4 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-4 replaced the measurements made by the HRIR and MRIR instruments flown on previous Nimbus satellites. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-4 THIR data are available from April 13, 1970 (day of year 103) through April 1, 1971 (day of year 91). The THIRN4L1CH67 product contains the 6.7 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00004 (old ID 70-025A-02D).
THIRN4L1CH67
THIRN4L1CH67 is the Nimbus-4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns product contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 6.7 micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-4 satellite was successfully launched on April 8, 1970. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-4 replaced the measurements made the HRIR and MRIR instruments flown on previous Nimbus satellites. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-4 THIR data are available from April 14, 1970 (day of year 104) through March 25, 1971 (day of year 84). The THIRN4L1CH115 product contains the 11.5 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00071 (old ID 70-025A-02E).
THIRN5L1CH115
THIRN5L1CH115 is the Nimbus-5 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 THIR data are available from December 19, 1972 (day of year 354) through March 1, 1975 (day of year 60). The THIRN5L1CH67 product contains the 6.7 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00020 (old ID 72-097A-08C).
THIRN5L1CH67
THIRN5L1CH67 is the Nimbus-5 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 6.7 micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-5 satellite was successfully launched on December 11, 1972. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-5 continued the measurements made by its predecessor flown on Nimbus-4. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 8 km and operates day and night.* 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 22 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The Nimbus-5 THIR data are available from December 19, 1972 (day of year 354) through August 26, 1974 (day of year 238). The THIRN5L1CH115 product contains the 11.5 micron channel data. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00167 (old ID 72-097A-08D).
THIRN6IM
The THIRN6IM data product consists of daily montages of brightness temperatures on 70 mm photofacsimile film strips from the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Daytime and nighttime orbital swaths are displayed in strips, each corresponding to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution of 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Each film strip is gridded with geographic coordinates and is identified by orbit number, time, and an indication of whether it is daytime (D) or nighttime (N). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 1 week of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in section 2.4.1 of "The Nimbus 6 User's Guide." The Nimbus 6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5- to 12.5-micron region (IR window) and the 6.5- to 7.0-micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from June 18, 1975 until May 6, 1976.
THIRN6L1CH115
THIRN6L1CH115 is the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 18, 1975. The THIR experiment on Nimbus-6 continued the measurements made by its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4 and Nimbus-5. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions: 1) The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures, with a resolution at nadir of 8 km, and operates day and night. 2) The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the water vapor content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems, with a resolution at nadir of 22 km, and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00125 (old ID 75-052A-12C).
THIRN6L1CH67
THIRN6L1CH67 is the Nimbus-6 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Meteorological Radiation Data at 6.7 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of equivalent brightness temperature measured in the 6.7 micron (water vapor) channel. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic tapes, also referred to as Nimbus Meteorological Radiation Tapes (NMRT-THIR). The data are archived in their original IBM 36-bit word proprietary format, also referred to as a binary TAP file. The Nimbus-6 satellite was successfully launched on June 18, 1975. The Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) experiment on Nimbus-6 continues the measurements made by its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4 and Nimbus-5. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions: 1) The 11.5-12.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures, with a resolution at nadir of 8 km, and operates day and night. 2) The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the water vapor content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems, with a resolution at nadir of 22 km, and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Andrew W. McCulloch from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00164 (old ID 75-052A-12D).
THIRN7IM
THIRN7IM is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 and 11.5 microns. Each montage contains either a daytime or nighttime assembly of up to 14 individual swaths. Each swath corresponds to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution is 22.6 km for 6.7 microns and 8.2 km for 11.5 microns at nadir and decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Below each swath is information describing the orbit number, and the equator crossing longitude and time. The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5 to 12.5 micron region (IR window) and the 6.5 to 7.0 micron region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from Oct. 30, 1978 to May 9, 1985 when the instrument was turned off to conserve power. Additional information can be found in section 9 of "The Nimbus 7 User's Guide," and the "Nimbus 7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Data User's Guide." This product was previously available from the NSSDC as two products with the identifiers ESAD-00174 and ESAD-00239 (old ID 78-098A-10A and 78-098A-10B).
THIRN7L1CLDT
THIRN7L1CLDT is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Calibrated Located Radiation Data (CLDT) at 6.7 and 11.5 microns product and contains radiances expressed in units of W/m2/sr measured in the 10.5 - 12.5 (11.5) micron and 6.5 - 7.0 (6.7) micron channels. The data, originally written on IBM 360 machines, were recovered from magnetic 9-track tapes. The data are archived in their original proprietary format. The Nimbus-7 satellite was successfully launched on October 28, 1978. The Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) experiment on Nimbus-7 is basically identical to its predecessors flown on Nimbus-4, -5 and -6, except that the data were digitized on board. The THIR instrument is a two channel high resolution scanning radiometer designed to perform two major functions:* The 11.5 micron channel provides both day and night cloud top or surface temperatures. The ground resolution at the sub-point is 6.7 km and operates day and night.* The 6.7 micron channel gives information on the moisture content of the upper troposphere and stratosphere and the location of jet streams and frontal systems. The water vapor channel has a resolution of the sub-point is 20 km and operates mostly at night. The THIR Principal Investigator was Dr. Larry L. Stowe from NOAA NESDIS. The Nimbus-7 THIR data are available from October 30, 1979 (day of year 303) through May 13, 1985 (day of year 133). This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00107 (old ID 78-098A-10C).
THIRN7L1BCLT
THIRN7L1BCLT is the Nimbus-7 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) Level 1 Cloud Data for SBUV/TOMS (BCLT) product and contains total cloud amounts; radiances at three cloud altitudes: low (below 2km), middle (2 to 7 km depending on latitude), and height (above the middle cloud layer); cirrus and deep convective clouds; and mean and RMS deviations of cloud and surface radiances. Data are averaged orbit by orbit onto each of the Nimbus 7 TOMS IFOV, which vary from 50 km to 50 km at nadir to 200 km x 200 km at the edges, as well as SBUV 180 km x 180 km IFOVs. The BCLT product includes improved cloud estimation compared to the earlier CLT product. Each file contains one day of data (~14 orbits per day). Spatial coverage is global. The data are available from October 31, 1978 (day of year 304) through October 27, 1984 (day of year 301). This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00196 (old ID 78-098A-10E)
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NASA Nimbus Project was accessed on DATE from https://registry.opendata.aws/nasa-nimbus.