NASA NACP Project

Description

This dataset provides estimates of hourly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels at 1-km resolution for the coterminous United States (CONUS) covering the years 2012 through 2017. Emissions from the ACES model are reported for ten distinct emissions source sectors: Airports and Aircraft, Commercial Buildings, Electric Power Generation facilities, Industrial point and non-point sources, Commercial Marine Vessels, Nonroad vehicles and equipment, Oil and Gas wells and facilities, Onroad vehicles, Railway engines and yards, and Residential buildings. All emissions are reported hourly on a 1-km x 1-km spatial grid. The data are provided in NetCDF version 4 format.

FireBoundaries_CircPolarRegion_2477

This dataset contains polygons of retrievable fire boundaries across the circumpolar region attributed with pre-fire and post-fire normalized burn ratio (NBR), differenced normalized burn ratio (dNBR), relative differenced normalized burn ratio (RdNBR), and terrestrial ecoregions. The dataset is separated into three regions: North America, Europe, and Asia; each saved in an appropriate projection and with the years of data available from that region. Historical fire perimeters were available from 1986 to 2020 for North America. Fires from Europe and Asia were available from 2003 to 2016. Polygon geometries were simplified and processed to represent each fire with a single polygon. Google Earth Engine was used to calculate the mean pre-fire and post-fire NBR both within the polygon and in a buffer around the fire. The buffer values were used to adjust NBR values to account for differences in reflectance between image acquisition dates not related to the fire. The data are provided in GeoPackage format.

NACP_NAM_HYSPLIT_Footprints_1586

This dataset reports continuous atmospheric measurements of CO2 from two receptor sites and three boundary sites in and around Boston, Massachusetts, USA, that were combined with high-resolution CO2 emissions estimates and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model to estimate regional CO2 emissions from September 2013 to December 2014. The HYSPLIT model followed an ensemble of 1,000 particles released at the urban CO2 measurement sites backward in time based on wind fields and turbulence from the North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) at 12-km resolution to the boundary CO2 measurement sites to derive footprint values and CO2 enhancements expected from the prior emissions based on the Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions System (ACES) inventory and the urban-Vegetation Photosynthesis Respiration Model (urbanVPRM). This dataset contains three sets of data products: (1) observed hourly mean CO2 observations for two urban receptor sites in Boston, MA (Boston University (BU) and Copley Square (COP)), (2) observed hourly mean CO2 and calculated vertical profiles (50 - 5000 m) for three boundary sites around Boston including Harvard Forest at Petersham, MA (HF), Canaan, NH (CA), and Martha's Vineyard, MA (MVY), and modeled mean boundary CO2 concentrations for particles released from BU and COP, and (3) particle trajectory files including footprint values and CO2 enhancements above boundary CO2 concentrations from the HYSPLIT model.

echidna_1045

This data set contains forest canopy scan data from the Echidna® Validation Instrument (EVI) and field measurements data from three campaigns conducted in the United States: 2007 New England Campaign; 2008 Sierra National Forest Campaign; and 2009 New England Campaign. The New England field sites were located in Harvard Forest (Massachusetts), Howland Research Forest (Maine), and the Bartlett Experimental Forest (New Hampshire). The objective of the research was to evaluate the ability of the EVI ground-based, scanning near-infrared lidar to retrieve stem diameter, stem count density, stand height, leaf area index, foliage profile, foliage area volume density, and other useful forest structural parameters rapidly and accurately. The EVI scan data are Andrieu Transpose (AT) Projection images in ENVI .img and .hdr file pairs. There are 28 images from the 2007 New England Campaign, 30 images from the 2008 Sierra National Forest Campaign, and 54 images from the 2009 New England Campaign. There are range-weighted mean preview image files (.jpg format) for each AT Projection image. Manual measurements of tree structural properties were made during each campaign at EVI scan locations. The field measurements are provided in one file for each campaign (.csv format). Parameters include species identification, DBH, tree height, crown base, etc. organized by field plot. There is also a data file (.csv format) which compares EVI derived measurements to the field measured data (DBH, stem density, basal area, biomass, and LAI) from the 2007 New England Campaign.

MISR_Forest_AGB_SW_US_1978

This dataset provides estimates of forest aboveground biomass (AGB; in Mg ha-1) at a resolution of 250 m for the southwestern United States over the time period 2000-2021. The AGB estimates were derived from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) Level 1B2 Terrain radiance data and a multi-angle approach that exploits the relationship between forest AGB and a suite of red band reflectance values modeled at viewing angles with respect to the direction of illumination. The year 2000 National Biomass and Carbon Dataset (NBCD 2000) AGB estimates were used to fit a model coefficient for the MISR-derived AGB estimates for the year 2000, with AGB estimates for all subsequent years dependent on both this coefficient and MISR red band bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs). Quality assurance (QA) files are also provided that allow users to impose criteria of varying stringency. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model-fitting root mean square error (RMSE) value was used as one of the criteria to determine if the AGB estimates were reasonable. This dataset is the first example of forest AGB estimation based on a multi-angle index applied using MISR data.

Forest_Carbon_Priority_1803

This dataset provides related gridded outputs of future modeled forest carbon sequestration priority and related species richness and habitat suitability for the western United States. The primary dataset is of the ranking of forest lands in the western U.S. for preservation based on the ability of these lands to sequester carbon over the coming century. The preservation ranking was derived from the results of simulations of future potential forest net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and vulnerability to drought and wildfire, as modeled from 2020 to 2099 at 4 km x 4 km resolution using a modified version of the Community Land Model (CLM 4.5). In addition, data files of potential forest NEP ranking and the forest vulnerability ranking are also provided. Co-located data of species richness for amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles are included to illustrate habitat suitability in relation to forest carbon preservation rankings. There are two files for each vertebrate class, one reflecting all western U.S. species included in the USGS GAP Analysis Project and a second for the subset of species listed as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Establishing this forest carbon preservation priority ranking for forest lands in the western U.S. will help guide the conservation of land for climate change mitigation activities and improved harvest management in the region.

Global_Reservoirs_Methane_1918

This dataset includes global maps of methane (CH4) emissions from inland dam-reservoir systems at 0.25-degree spatial resolution. Daily emission rates (as grams of CH4 per day per total area of grid cell) were estimated for boreal, temperate, and subtropical-tropical eco-climatic domains and total emissions. The annual duration of the emission season is based on freeze-thaw cycles of these water bodies as applicable. In addition, the dataset includes the total fractional area of reservoirs in each grid cell. These estimates will promote understanding of the current and future role of reservoirs in the global CH4 budget and guide efforts to mitigate reservoir-related CH4 emissions. These emission estimates are climatological; one daily value for each day of year (n=365) is provided for each grid cell. Modeled estimates were based on daily mean inputs, averaged over 2002 to 2015.

Wildfire_Impacts_Boreal_Ecosys_2359

This dataset contains simulations of net primary production (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (RH), net ecosystem production (NEP), and soil temperature data in North American boreal forests for the period 1986-2020. Data sources included historical fire sources and Landsat data. The delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), which can be used to represent burn severity for a fire, was calculated for each individual fire over the time period. The interactions between canopy, fire and soil thermal dynamics were modelled using a soil surface energy balance model incorporated into a previous Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM). Using the revised TEM, two regional simulations were conducted with and without fire disturbance. Fire polygons were dissected into each unit with unique fire history and then intersected with each grid cell to measure fire impacts. The output values for each grid cell are the area-weighted mean of each fire polygon and unburned area within the cell. Two extra simulations without a canopy energy balance scheme were also conducted to quantify the impact of the canopy. Soil temperature was simulated with and without the canopy energy balance scheme in the model in addition to considering fire impacts. The data are provided in comma separated values (CSV) format.

Dendrophenology_Eastern_US_1369

This data set provides a 30-year record of Landsat TM and ETM+ derived forest phenology and the results of tree ring analyses for annual wood production and nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition at 113 selected forested sites in the eastern United States. The sites are located in four national parks: Prince William Forest Park (PRWI), Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). Phenology and tree ring data cover 1984-2013.

Coastal_Carbon_Budget_NE_US_1594

This dataset contains best estimates and uncertainties for mean annual fluxes of inorganic, organic, and total (organic + inorganic) carbon in tidal wetlands, estuaries and shelf waters of eastern North America, which is defined by the coastline running between the tip of the Scotian Peninsula (Canada) and the southern tip of Florida (USA). The data are provided on a per-unit-area basis and as spatially integrated values for each of the three ecosystem types (tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters) and the entire coastal ecosystem (tidal wetlands + estuaries + shelf waters) as well as for three geographic subregions (the Gulf of Maine, the Mid-Atlantic Bight, and the South Atlantic Bight) and the entire Eastern North America domain (Gulf of Maine + Mid-Atlantic Bight + South Atlantic Bight). The data include the net uptake from the atmosphere by the three ecosystems; burial in tidal wetland soils, estuarine sediments, and continental shelf sediments; riverine input from land to estuaries; and the net lateral advective transports from ecosystem to ecosystem. In addition, heterotrophic respiration (HR), net primary production (NPP), and net ecosystem production (NEP) estimates were computed for each ecosystem. The fluxes were derived using a variety of sources and are estimates for average conditions over the past decades from data covering roughly the period 1976-01-01 to 2017-12-31.

Dairy_Methane_CA_V1-2_1902

This dataset provides estimates of methane (CH4) emissions from dairies in California at a resolution of 0.1 degrees (~ 10 km x 10 km) for the year 2019. The mapped sources of dairy CH4 emissions are enteric fermentation and manure management reported in gigagrams per square km per year (Gg km-2 y-1). The sum of the two sources is also provided. These data are in the succession of Vista California (Vista-CA) spatial datasets that have identified and classified potential methane source emitters in California and were created utilizing an assortment of publicly available data sources from local, state, and federal agencies. This dataset can serve as a planning tool for mitigation, a prior for atmospheric observation-based emissions estimates, attribution of emissions to a specific facility, and to validate CH4 emissions reductions from management changes.

US_MODIS_Veg_Parameters_1539

This dataset provides MODIS-derived leaf area index (LAI), stem area index (SAI), vegetation area fraction, dominant landcover category, and albedo parameters for the continental US (CONUS), parts of southern Canada, and Mexico at 30 km resolution. The data cover the period 2003-2010 and were developed to be used as surface input data for regional agroecosystem-climate models. MODIS Collection 5 products used to derive these parameters included the Terra yearly water mask, vegetation continuous field products, the combined Terra and Aqua yearly land-cover category (LCC) (MCD12Q1), 8-day composites for LAI (MCD15A2), and albedo parameter (MCD43B1) products. Please note that the MODIS Version 5 land data products used in this dataset have been superseded by Version 6 data products.

NBCD2000_V2_1161

The NBCD 2000 (National Biomass and Carbon Dataset for the Year 2000) data set provides a high-resolution (30 m) map of year-2000 baseline estimates of basal area-weighted canopy height, aboveground live dry biomass, and standing carbon stock for the conterminous United States. This data set distributes, for each of 66 map zones, a set of six raster files in GeoTIFF format. There is a detailed README companion file for each map zone. There is also an ArcGIS shapefile (mapping_zone_shapefile.shp) with the boundaries of all the map zones. A mosaic image of biomass at 240 m resolution for the whole conterminous U.S. is also included. Please read this important note regarding the differences of Version 2 from Version 1 of the NBCD 2000 data. With Version 1, in some mapping zones, certain land cover types (in particular Shrubs, NLCD Type 52) were missing from and unaccounted for in modeled estimates because of a lack of reference data. In Version 1, when landcover types were missing in the models, the model for the deciduous tree cover type was applied. While more woody vegetation was mapped, the authors think this had little effect on model performance as in most cases NLCD version 1 cover type was not a strong predictor of modeled estimates (See companion Mapping Zone Readme files). In Version 2, after renewed modeling efforts and user feedback, these previously unaccounted for cover types are now included in modeled estimates. All 66 mapping zones were updated with the previously unmapped land cover types now mapped. The authors recommend use of the new version for all analyses and will only support the updated version. Development of the data set used an empirical modeling approach that combined USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data with high-resolution InSAR data acquired from the 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and optical remote sensing data acquired from the Landsat ETM+ sensor. Three-season Landsat ETM+ data were systematically compiled by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC) between 1999 and 2002 for the entire U.S. and were the foundation for development of both the USGS National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (NLCD 2001) and the Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools Project (LANDFIRE). Products from both the NLCD 2001 (landcover and canopy density) and LANDFIRE (existing vegetation type) projects as well as topographic information from the USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) were used within the NBCD 2000 project as spatial predictor layers for canopy height and biomass estimation. Forest survey data provided by the USDA Forest Service FIA program were made available to the project under a national Memorandum of Understanding. The response variables (canopy height and biomass) used in model development and validation were derived from the FIA database (FIADB). Production of the NLCD 2001 and LANDFIRE projects was based on a mapping zone approach in which the conterminous U.S. was split into 66 ecoregionally distinct mapping zones. This mapping zone approach was also adopted by the NBCD 2000 project.

NACP_PNW_Carbon_Balance_1317

This data set provides Biome-BGC modeled estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes in the U.S. Pacific Northwest for the years 1986-2010. Fluxes include net ecosystem production (NEP), and net aboveground wood growth. Stocks include aboveground wood mass. Also present are mapped distributions of associated forest disturbances, distinguished by disturbance type (harvest, fire, pest/pathogen). The data are presented in a mapped form as well as in tabular summaries broken out by ownership and ecoregion. Maps of annual precipitation and temperature data are included for the years 1980-2010.

NA_TreeAge_1096

This data set provides forest age map products at 1-km resolution for Canada and the United States (U.S.A.). These continental forest age maps were compiled from forest inventory data, historical fire data, optical satellite data, and the images from NASA’s Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) project. These input data products have various sources and creation dates as described in the source paper by Pan et al. (2011). Canadian maps were produced with data available through 2004 and U.S.A. maps with data available through 2006. A supplementary map of the standard deviations for age estimates was developed for quantifying uncertainty. Note that the Pan et al. (2011) paper is included as a companion file with this data set and was the source of descriptions in the guide. Forest age, implicitly reflecting the past disturbance legacy, is a simple and direct surrogate for the time since disturbance and may be used in various forest carbon analyses that concern the impact of disturbances. By combining geographic information about forest age with estimated carbon dynamics by forest type, it is possible to conduct a simple but powerful analysis of the net CO2 uptake by forests, and the potential for increasing (or decreasing) this rate as a result of direct human intervention in the disturbance/age status.

NACP_GHG_Data_Compilation_1206

This data set is a collection of measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and non-CO2 greenhouse gases made across North America by nine independent atmospheric monitoring networks from 2000 - 2009. During this North American Carbon Program (NACP) sponsored activity, data were compiled from the following networks: AGAGE, COBRA, CSIRO, INTEX-A, INTEX B, Irvine Latitude Network, NOAA CMDL, SCRIPPS, and Stanley Tyler-UC Irvine. The files presented here are the products of merging multiple original measurement results files for selected sites across North America from each monitoring network. The primary focus of this effort was the compilation of non-CO2 greenhouse gases over North America, but numerous CO2 observations are also included. The data files for each network are accompanied by detailed readme documentation files prepared by the respective network investigators. Project descriptions, objectives, references, sampling and analysis methods, and data file descriptions are included in these READMEs. Table 1 in the documentation displays the monitoring network sites, sample types, analytes, and links to the detailed network README files. Network- and laboratory-specific data citations are included in the README documentation and should be used to acknowledge the use of these data as appropriate. The data files for each monitoring network and each sampling type (continuous or flasks) have been combined into one compressed (.zip) file along with the detailed README document. There are 17 compressed files that when expanded contain data files which represent one year�s data for that specific campaign and sampling method. The number of annual files that were compiled from a network into this collection varies.

NACP_Wild_Cropland_Fuel_Map_1163

The data set provides a 30-m comprehensive fuelbed characteristics map for both the wildland and cropland areas of the conterminous United States (CONUS) for 2010. This integrated product is the result of combining the spatially discrete Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) data of the US Forest Service (USFS) with the crop-and grassland-specific information of the US Department of Agriculture?'s (USDA's) Cropland Data Layer (CDL). By combining the spatially discrete details of the FCCS data set with the crop-and grassland-specific information of the CDL, a more robust map of fuelbed characteristics is available. The merged product has an advantage over the original FCCS map for estimating emissions from burned areas due to the integration of the fuelbed characteristics for agricultural areas from the CDL. There are three GeoTIFF format files and three comma-separated companion files distributed with this data set. The three tif files provided are very large and exceed the size limits of a standard GeoTIFF file format (4 GB). File sizes range from 20 to 30 GB. Compressed file sizes range from 2 to 3 GB. They are in a format that is called a BigTIFF file. ArcGIS 10.0 and ERDAS Imagine are able to read these files.

NACP_Boreal_Biome_Biomass_1273

This data set provides estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB) for defined land cover types within World Wildlife Fund (WWF) ecoregions across the boreal biome of Alaska and western and eastern Canada, roughly between 45 and 70 degrees N. The study focused on within-growing-season data, i.e. leaf-on conditions. The AGB estimates were derived from a series of models that first related ground-based measured biomass to Portable Airborne Laser System (PALS) LiDAR measurements, and a second set of models that related the airborne estimates of biomass to Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) LiDAR canopy structure measurements. The GLAS LiDAR biomass estimates were extrapolated by land cover types and ecoregions across the entire biome area. The study compiled remotely sensed forest structure data collected in June of 2005 and 2006 from the GLAS LiDAR instrument aboard the NASA Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation (ICESat) satellite and from the PALS airborne instrument flown at various times from 2005-2009 over both the ground plots and the ICESat GLAS flight path. For a consistent biome-level analysis, ecoregions contained within the boreal forest biome were identified by the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) ecoregion map of the world (Olson et al., 2001). Land cover maps were used to identify land cover types for stratification purposes within eco-regions. Land cover data for Canada were provided by the Earth Observations for Sustainable Development (EOSD) project centered on year 2000, with images from 1999 to 2002. The National Land Cover Data (NLCD) 2001 classification was used for Alaska based on data collected between 1999 and 2004. The ground-based measurements are not provided with this data set.

NACP_MCI_CO2_Inventory_1205

This data set provides a bottom-up CO2 emissions inventory for the mid-continent region of the United States for the year 2007. The study was undertaken as part of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) campaign. Emissions for the MCI region were compiled from these resources into nine inventory sources (Table 1):(1) forest biomass and soil carbon, harvested woody products carbon, and agricultural soil carbon from the U.S. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory (EPA, 2010; Heath et al., 2011); (2) high resolution data on fossil and biofuel CO2 emissions from Vulcan (Gurney et al,. 2009); (3) CO2 uptake by agricultural crops, lateral transport in crop biomass harvest, and livestock CO2 emissions using USDA statistics (West et al., 2011); (4) agricultural residue burning (McCarty et al., 2011); (5) CO2 emissions from landfills (EPA, 2012); (6) and CO2 losses from human respiration using U.S. Census data (West et al., 2009). The CO2 inventory in the MCI region was dominated by fossil fuel combustion, carbon uptake during crop production, carbon export in biomass (commodities) from the region, and to a lesser extent, carbon sinks in forest growth and incorporation of carbon into timber products.

NACP_MCI_CO2_Inversions_1204

This data set provides estimates of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) flux for the U.S. Upper Midwest at 0.5-degree resolution for the year 2007. Estimates were produced by two atmospheric CO2 inversion systems ("??top-down"?), referenced as the continental Colorado State University (CSU) inversion and the mesoscale Pennsylvania State University (PSU) inversion. This modeling work was performed in support of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) experimental campaign in the U.S. Upper Midwest designed to evaluate innovative methods for CO2 flux inversion and data assimilation. The experiment was performed over a relatively flat, heavily managed agricultural landscape which features a high density of atmospheric CO2 observation measurements. Among the CO2 observations used by the inversion systems were results from a network of instrumented tall towers in the region. The NEE estimates were produced for comparison with CO2 fluxes derived from bottom-up inventory estimates. There are five data files with this data set. The NEE estimates are provided in two NetCDF files, one for each inversion system. Boundary CO2 inflow data used by each inversion system are provided in three comma-separated-format files (.csv).

NACP_MCI_Crop_GPP_1217

This data set provides an integrated collection of (1) ground-based meteorological, radiometric, and vegetation measurements, (2) flux-based estimates of gross primary production (GPP), and (3) numerous vegetation indices derived from satellite imagery for three eddy covariance flux tower locations near Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. Land use surrounding the towers is cropland with corn and soybeans. Data are reported for selected days during the growing seasons of 2001 through 2008 only when ground-based crop canopy reflectance was measured. Algorithms developed to relate ground-based and satellite spectral information to GPP of the cropland adjacent to the towers are provided. AmeriFlux tower-based Level 2 measurements included photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), heat flux, and GPP estimates; see Section 2 for specific towers. Ground-based measurements on the corn and soybean vegetation surrounding the towers included total chlorophyll content (Chl) and leaf area index (LAI). Ground-based crop canopy reflectance was measured at 5.4 m above the corn and soybean canopy using hyperspectral radiometers (range 400 to 1100 nm) during the growing season from May to October in eight different years (2001-2008). This resulted in 173 measurement campaigns (18 in 2001, 31 in 2002, 34 in 2003, 31 in 2004, 21 in 2005, 15 in 2006, 14 in 2007, and 9 in 2008). Spectral bands from Landsat TM and ETM+, MERIS , and MODIS instruments were used to calculate vegetation indices. Vegetation indices related to chlorophyll can be used as a proxy for GPP because of the observed close relationship between GPP and Chl content in crops. Algorithms developed to relate spectral information to the GPP of the cropland adjacent to the towers are provided as companion files.

NACP_MCI_CO2_Measurements_1202

This data set provides high precision and high accuracy atmospheric CO2 data from seven instrumented communication towers located in the U.S. Upper Midwest. The overall sampling period was from January 2007 through December 2009 although actual sampling dates vary within this time period for individual towers and sampling heights above ground level. The measurements were obtained in support of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) campaign. The sampling network included: the five Ring 2 towers (Centerville (Iowa), Galesville (Wisconsin), Kewanee (Illinois), Mead (Nebraska), and Round Lake (Minnesota)) deployed and operated by PSU; the Missouri Ozarks (Missouri) co-located AmeriFlux site (PSU/Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)); and the Rosemount (Minnesota) tall tower trace gas observatory (University of Minnesota, Rosemount Research and Outreach Center (RROC)). Hourly CO2 dry mole fractions (in ppm) were averaged from measurements made at different above-ground levels on the towers and are reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). For the five Ring 2 sites, daily daytime average CO2 dry mole fractions were also calculated, from hourly values between 12:00-17:00 local standard time and reported in UTC. There are seven compressed (.zip) data files and one comma-separated (.csv) file with this data set. Data quality flags are provided in each file.

NACP_MsTMIP_Model_Structure_1228

This data set provides a summary of the model structure and characteristics of participating models in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), a formal model intercomparison and evaluation effort focused on improving the diagnosis and attribution of carbon exchange at regional and global scales. Model structure refers to the types of processes considered (e.g. nutrient cycling, disturbance, lateral transport of carbon), and the specific ways these processes are represented (e.g. photosynthetic formulation, temperature sensitivity, respiration) in the models. These data are the result of a comprehensive survey of investigators responsible for each MsTMIP participating model. For a given characteristic (i.e., process/attribute), a model was assigned a binary value (0 or 1) indicating whether it included a particular characteristic; a value of one (1) was given if it considered or included that process, or a zero (0) if it did not. MsTMIP builds upon current and past synthesis activities, and has a unique framework designed to isolate, interpret, and inform understanding of how model structural differences impact estimates of carbon uptake and release. There is one data file with this data set in .csv format.

NACP_MsTMIP_TBMO_1225

This data set provides global gridded estimates of carbon, energy, and hydrologic fluxes between the land and atmosphere from 15 Terrestrial Biosphere Models (TBMs) in a standard format. Model estimates are at monthly and yearly time steps for the period 1900 to 2010, with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degree x 0.5 degree globally, excluding Antarctica.

NACP_MsTMIP_Model_Driver_1220

This data set provides environmental data that have been standardized and aggregated for use as input to carbon cycle models at global (0.5-degree resolution) and regional (North America at 0.25-degree resolution) scales. The data were compiled from selected sources (Table 2) and integrated into gridded global and regional collections of climatology variables (precipitation, air temperature, air specific humidity, air relative humidity (NA only), pressure, downward longwave radiation, downward shortwave radiation, and wind speed), time-varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, time-varying nitrogen deposition, biome fraction and type, land-use and land-cover change, C3/C4 grasses fractions, major crop distribution, phenology, multiple soil characteristics, and a land-water mask. The temporal ranges of the data are sufficient for carbon cycle model simulations from 1801 to 2010. These data were compiled specifically for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as the prescribed model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The standardized data provided consistent model inputs to minimize the inter-model variability caused by differences in environmental drivers and initial conditions. Together with the sensitivity simulations, the standardized input data enable better interpretation and quantification of structural and parameter uncertainties of model estimates. Data are provided in Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata convention compliant (version 1.4) netCDF-4 file formats. There are 3,152 .nc4 data files with this data set.

NACP_MsTMIP_Unified_NA_SoilMap_1242

This data set provides soil maps for the United States (US) (including Alaska), Canada, Mexico, and a part of Guatemala. The map information content includes maximum soil depth and eight soil attributes including sand, silt, and clay content, gravel content, organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, and bulk density for the topsoil layer (0-30 cm) and the subsoil layer (30-100 cm). The spatial resolution is 0.25 degree. The Unified North American Soil Map (UNASM) combined information from the state-of-the-art US General Soil Map (STATSGO2) and Soil Landscape of Canada (SLCs) databases. The area not covered by these data sets was filled by using the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.21 (HWSD1.21). The Northern Circumpolar Soil Carbon (NCSCD) database was used to provide more accurate and up-to-date soil organic carbon information for the high-latitude permafrost region and was combined with soil organic carbon content derived from the UNASM (Liu et al., 2013). The UNASM data were utilized in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) as model input driver data (Huntzinger et al., 2013). The driver data were used by 22 terrestrial biosphere models to run baseline and sensitivity simulations. The compilation of these data was facilitated by the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC). MAST-DC was a component of the NACP (www.nacarbon.org) designed to support NACP by providing data products and data management services needed for modeling and synthesis activities.

NAFD-NEX_Forest_Disturbance_1290

The North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) products provided in this data set consist of 25 annual and two time-integrated forest disturbance maps for the conterminous United States (CONUS) derived from Landsat images for the period 1986-2010. Each annual map has classified pixels showing water, no forest cover, forest cover, no data available (data gaps) in present year, and forest disturbances that occurred in that year. The time-integrated maps are similarly classified, but over the entire 1986-2010 period with the first and last forest disturbance years identified and provided as separate maps.

Forest_Disturbance_Intensity_2059

This dataset contains estimates of forest disturbance intensity for the conterminous United States from 1986 to 2015. It quantifies the severity/intensity of forest disturbances at 30 m resolution using time series Landsat observations and the vegetation change tracker algorithm. For each disturbance event mapped at a pixel location, the percentage of basal area removal (PBAR) after the disturbance event was estimated based on spectral changes derived from Landsat data and Random Forest models calibrated using field measurements collected by the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program. This dataset complements and extends the North American Forest Dynamics-NASA Earth eXchange (NAFD-NEX) US Forest Disturbance History dataset and the NAFD-ATT Forest Canopy Cover Loss dataset from 1986-2010 to 1986-2015. Data are provided in Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (.tif) format.

NACP_Forest_Biophysical_1046

This data set includes biophysical measurements collected in 2009 from five New England experimental forest stations: Bartlett Experimental Forest, Harvard Forest, Howland Research Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and the Penobscot Experimental Forest. Howland measurements were repeated in 2010 and one site in the Sierra National Forest, California, was surveyed in 2008. Biomass in respective measurement plots was calculated with allometric equations using measured diameter at breast height (DBH) for trees greater than 10 cm and species identification. Within selected subplots, the number of stems with diameters less than 10 cm were counted and classified to allow for an estimate of biomass for these stems. There are 16 data files provided that present the biophysical measurement results and the biomass estimates in ASCII comma-separated format. For a subset of sites and plots (Bartlett Experimental Forest, Harvard Forest and Howland Research Forest), more intensive inventories were done in coordination with Echidna lidar imaging (Strahler et al., 2008). In these intensive collections, the stem location, species, DBH and live/dead status were recorded for all stems with total stem height and canopy dimensions recorded for every tenth stem. In addition, for stems below 10 cm DBH, species and count were recorded in a subplot of each intensive inventory plot. See the related data set Strahler et al., 2011. Investigators from Federal and university laboratories conducted these field campaign to make estimates of forest biophysical attributes that will prove useful in comparisons with airborne lidar (LVIS) and UAVSAR remote sensing acquisitions. The North American Carbon Program (NACP) is a multi-disciplinary research program designed to obtain scientific understanding of North America's carbon sources and sinks and of the changes in carbon stocks needed to meet societal concerns, and to provide tools for decision makers. NACP began in 2002 and continues to date. The NACP data collection contains continental carbon budgets, dynamics, processes, and management of the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide in North America and in adjacent ocean regions.

NACP_Modeled_NEE_NEP_Fluxes_1203

This data set provides modeled carbon flux estimates at 8-km spatial resolution over North America for the year 2004 of (1) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2), (2) net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration), (3) stream evasion (CO2 emitted from streams and rivers), (4) emissions from harvested forest and agricultural products, and (5) emissions from biomass burning. Annual estimates, in g C/m2/year, are provided for all five fluxes. Daily estimates, in g C/m2/day, are provided for NEP and stream evasion fluxes. Fluxes for fire emissions, harvest decomposition/respiration, stream evasion, and NEP were derived as described in Section 5. NEE fluxes were estimated using a full bottom-up accounting of NEE produced by integrating emissions from harvested forest and agricultural products, CO2 emitted from streams and rivers, and biomass burning in the CarbonTracker (version 2011_oi) modeling system. NEE estimates were run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup that calculates CO2 uptake and release at the Earth's surface over time. Refer to Turner et al.(2013) for details. There are seven data files in NetCDF (.nc) format with this data set, including: five annual files for fire emissions, harvest decomposition/respiration, stream evasion, NEP, and NEE fluxes; and two daily files for NEP and stream evasion fluxes.

NAFD_Disturbance_1077

This data set provides the results of time-series analyses of Landsat imagery for 55 selected forested sites across the conterminous U.S.A. The output is a pair of disturbance data products for each site, one showing the first year of disturbance in the time series, the other showing the last year of disturbance. Each data pixel is labeled as either a static land class (persistent non-forest, persistent forest, or persistent water) or with the year of change for disturbed forest pixels. The time period analyzed is approximately 1984-2009. These forest disturbance data are distributed as a single band GeoTiff, with appropriate projection information defined within the file. The analyses were performed in three phases: 5 sites during the Prototype/Focal phase; 23 sites in Phase I; and 27 sites in Phase II. The spatial resolution of the Prototype/Focal and Phase I data is 28.5 meters. The spatial resolution of the Phase II data is 30 meters. The temporal resolution is nominally biennial. The mapped area for each forested site is approximately 185 km x 185 km. There are a total of 110 GeoTiff files â?? a first year and a last year of disturbance file for each of the 55 sites.

NACP_Peatland_Land_Cover_MI_1513

This dataset provides a land cover map focused on peatland ecosystems in the upper peninsula of Michigan. The map was produced at 12.5-m resolution using a multi-sensor fusion (optical and L-band SAR) approach with imagery from Landsat-5 TM and ALOS PALSAR collected between 2007 and 2011. A random forest classifier trained with polygons delineated from field data and aerial photography was used to determine pixel classes. Accuracy assessment based on field-sampled sites show high overall map accuracy (92%).

NACP_Peatland_Burn-Severity_1283

This data set provides landcover maps of (1) peatland type (bog, fen, marsh, swamp) with levels of biomass (open, forested) and (2) Burn Severity Index (BSI) (Dyrness and Norum, 1983) for four wildfire areas in northern Alberta, Canada. The four wildfire sites include the Utikuma fire site of 2011, Kidney Lake fire site of 2011, Fort McMurray west fire site of 2009, and Fort McMurray east fire site of 2009. The peatland classification at 12.5-m resolution (fen vs. bog including treed vs. open vs. shrubby) at each wildfire site was based on a pre-burn 2007 multi-date, multi-sensor fusion (Optical-IR, C-band and L-band SAR) approach. Over 350 field locations were sampled in central Alberta to train and validate the peatland type maps. The additional site, Wabasca, was an unburned site. Burn severity was measured in the field using the Burn Severity Index (BSI) (Dyrness and Norum 1987), a qualitative assessment of burnt moss that uses a 1-5 scale, with 1 being unburnt and 5 being severely burnt. The field data of ground consumption were correlated with Landsat pre- and post-burn imagery, specific to peatlands, to develop multivariate models for calculating burn severity and %-not-sphagnum-moss. These models were used to generate the Burn Severity Maps at 30-m resolution (percent unburned moss, and the burn severity index (BSI)). All sites were visited in 2013 for field measurements and the Utikuma site was also visited in 2012 for field measurements. Additional biophysical data for the various peatlands (aboveground biomass – tree and shrub, plant heights, density, etc. were collected and will be provided in another data set.

NACP_Regional_Obs_Model_Grid_1157

This data set contains standardized gridded observation data, terrestrial biosphere model output data, and inverse model simulations of carbon flux parameters that were used in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities. The data set provides five observation data files (MODIS GPP, MODIS NPP, FIA forest biomass/forest area, NASS crop NPP, and NASS agricultural land fraction) and simulation results from 18 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) (28 variables; 114 files) and seven inverse models (IM) (two variables; 8 files). To produce this data set, the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) resampled original model simulation results and observation measurement data to 1-degree spatial resolution for North American region, interpolated into monthly or yearly temporal resolution, and reformatted into Climate and Forecast (CF) convention compatible netCDF format. This data set is related to two other processed regional data sets (i.e., NACP Regional: Supplemental Gridded Observations, Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs; and NACP Regional: National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Aggregated Gridded Model Data) and the originally-submitted NACP Regional: Original Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs.

NACP_Regional_Model_GHG_Aggr_1179

This data set provides two products that were derived from the recently published North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis 1-degree terrestrial biosphere model (TBM) and inverse model (IM) outputs (Gridded 1-deg Observation Data and Biosphere and Inverse Model Outputs, Wei et al., 2013). The first product is the aggregation of the standardized gridded 1-degree TBM and IM outputs to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory zones as defined for North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico). Depending on the data availability, the monthly/yearly Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Net Primary Production (NPP), Total Vegetation Carbon (VegC), Heterotrophic Respiration (Rh), and Fire Emissions (FE) outputs from the 22 TBM and 7 IM models were aggregated from the 1-degree resolution gridded format to the inventory zones and then, further divided into Forest Lands, Crop Lands, and Other Lands sectors within each inventory zone based on the 1-km resolution GLC2000 land cover map (GLC2000, 2003). The second product is the North American national GHG inventories on the scale of inventory zones which contain estimated land-atmosphere exchange of CO2 (NEE) in forest lands, crop lands, and other lands sectors. NEE estimates were synthesized from inventory-based data on productivity, ecosystem carbon stock change, and harvested product stock change, and additional information from national-level GHG inventories of the United States, Canada, and Mexico including EPA (2011) and Environment Canada (2011). An additional summary file of annual mean NEE (2000-2006)is provided for both land sectors and reporting zones in North America and was created by combining the aggregated model output and the national GHG database and is provided. The aggregated monthly and yearly model output data and the national GHG inventories data are available in comma separated value (.csv) format files. Also provided are detailed inventory zone spatial data as an ESRI Shapefile. Included are zone names, boundaries, and zone and land cover type area attributes. For mapping convenience, the inventory zones shapefile was merged with 1-km forest, crop, and other lands masks to create a 1-km resolution reference data file that was converted to GeoTIFF format. The GeoTIFF defines to which inventory zone and land cover type each 1-km grid cell belongs. This document provides detailed information about the content, format, and processing procedures of these two data products. Detailed descriptions of the TBMs and IMs can be found in a separate companion document: NACP Regional Synthesis - Description of Observations and Models.

NACP_Regional_Obs_Model_Orig_1193

This data set contains the originally-submitted observation measurement data, terrestrial biosphere model output data, and inverse model simulations that various investigator teams contributed to the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities. The data set provides nine (9) data packages of remote sensing and ground observation measurements (OM) (MODIS gross primary productivity (GPP), MODIS net primary production (NPP), MODIS fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPar), MODIS leaf area index (LAI), MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI), MODIS normalize difference vegetation index (NDVI), Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) forest biomass, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) crop NPP, and Flux Anomaly). The data set also provides data packages of simulation results from 19 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) and eight (8) inverse models (IM). The data packages are respectively OM, TBM, and IM data files listed in Tables 4-6. Each OM, TBM, and IM data package contains all of the original data (and documentation, if any) that the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) acquired or received. These originally-submitted data were processed by the MAST-DC to produce the three standardized gridded data sets of carbon flux for inter-comparison purposes (see Related Data Products below). These original data and documentation are provided to allow users of the standardized gridded data products to be able to trace back to the data origins when needed. The Data Center (ORNL DAAC) transformed some of the originally-submitted data files to file formats that are more suitable for long-term archiving. For example, .xlsx files were saved as .csv, ERDAS Imagine files were converted to GeoTIFFs, and MATLAB files were converted to GeoTIFF and NetCDF formats as appropriate. Files received in NetCDF, GeoTIFF, and HDF formats were not transformed.

NACP_Regional_Obs_Model_Suppl_1158

This data set contains standardized gridded observation data, terrestrial biospheric model output, and inverse model simulations that were compiled but not used in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Regional Synthesis activities, thus the supplemental designation. The data set provides six (6) observation data packages (9 variables - MODIS LAI, MODIS FPAR, MODIS NDVI, MODIS EVI, FIA forest biomass, forest area, GPP Anomaly, NEE Anomaly, Reco Anomaly; 8 data files), output results from three terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) (14 variables; 214 files), and simulations from one inverse model (IM) (one variable; 1 file). To produce this data set, the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) original data files were resampled to 1-degree spatial resolution for North American region (except for FIA Forest Biomass which was resampled to 0.5-degree resolution), interpolated into monthly or yearly temporal resolution, and reformatted into Climate and Forecast (CF) convention compatible netCDF format.

NACP_Site_Model_Flux_Std_Fmt_1183

This data set provides standardized output variables for gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem respiration (Re), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) from 24 terrestrial biosphere models for 47 eddy covariance flux tower sites in North America. Each model used standardized input data for each flux tower site (i.e., gap-filled, locally observed weather; land use history; and other site specific data) and followed standard model setup and spinup procedures. The files also contain gap-filled observations and total uncertainty estimates. The data set was compiled for the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis for use in model inter-comparison and assessment of how well the models simulate carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions in North America. There is one compressed (.zip) file with this data set. When expanded, the .zip file contains model output data for one variable at one site. The model output and observations are available at the native half-hourly time step, or in daily, monthly, and annual aggregations, in comma-separated text (.csv) format.

NACP_Site_Model_Data_Orig_Fmt_1192

This data set contains the original model output data submissions from the 24 terrestrial biosphere models (TBM) that participated in the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis. The model teams generated estimates for, but not limited to, a minimum of six variables, including gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), leaf area index (LAI), ecosystem respiration (Re), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible heat flux (H) for each of 47 selected eddy covariance flux tower sites across North America. Participating modeling teams followed the NACP Site Synthesis Protocol (site_synthesis_protocol_v7.pdf), which covers procedures, plans, and infrastructure for the site-level analyses. File format and units conversions of several data submissions were made by the MAST-DC to produce NetCDF files of consistent content and structure for all 24 TBM outputs. The model outputs are structured as described in Appendix A: Model Output Variables, of the Site Synthesis Protocol. In addition, MAST-DC processed these original model submissions to derive uniquely processed and formatted data files for model inter-comparison and evaluation (NACP Site: Terrestrial Biosphere Model and Aggregated Flux Data in Standard Format). This related data set provides GPP, NEE, LAI, Re, LE, and sensible heat (H) model output variables at the native half-hourly time step, and in daily, monthly, and annual aggregations. The related data set also contains gap-filled observations and total uncertainty estimates at the same time steps. There are 24 compressed (.zip) files with this data set -- one file for each model. When expanded, the .zip files contain model output data files for flux tower sites in NetCDF and some in text formats.

NACP_Site_Tower_Met_and_Flux_1178

This data set contains meteorological, carbon cycle flux, phenology, and ancillary data measured at 47 eddy covariance flux tower sites across North America. The data were used by North American Carbon Program (NACP) Site-Level Synthesis as model driver data and for assessing how well 24 Terrestrial Biosphere Models simulated carbon processes across vegetation types and environmental conditions. *The meteorology data include eight variables: air temperature (K), specific humidity (kg/kg), wind speed (m/s), precipitation (kg/m2/s), surface pressure (Pa), surface incident shortwave radiation (W/m2), surface incident longwave radiation (W/m2), and CO2 concentration (ppm). Gap-filled data were used by modeling teams as input model driver data. Measured fluxes of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and derived gross primary productivity (GPP) and respiration (R) and respective calculated uncertainty estimates are provided for each tower site at the native time resolution of the observations (30 or 60-minute) as well as the diurnal, seasonal, and annual time scales. The data were gap-filled following a standard protocol. Components of uncertainty include uncertainties resulting from turbulence, gap-filling, flux partitioning, and u threshold determination. Flux observations and uncertainty data were used to assess how well models simulated carbon processes. *Remotely sensed NDVI, LAI, and fPAR phenology data were derived from the GIMMS version g NDVI data set for each flux tower site. Phenology data were used by some modeling teams as input model driver data. *Ancillary data and information describe tower location and physical characteristics, disturbance history, and biological and ecological attributes of the vegetation, litter, and soil. These ancillary data were used by modeling teams as input model driver data. The data files are in both ASCII text and NetCDF formats (ALMA standard). The compilation of these data was facilitated by the NACP Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC).

NACP_BlackSpruce_Burn-Severity_1331

This data set provides organic soil layer characteristics, estimated carbon content, and soil depth measurements made at four black spruce stands in interior Alaska that had burned twice in the last 37-52 years (intermediate-interval fire events). The most recent fires occurred in 2004, 2005, and 2010. Measurements of soil depth and distance from the adventitious roots to the soil, and total organic matter are also included for unburned black spruce sites adjacent to the burned sites dominated by live, intermediate-aged (~37-52 years) black spruce trees.

NACP_TERRA-PNW_1292

This data set contains measurements and estimates of leaf, tree, and soil data from six projects conducted by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research and Regional Analysis- Pacific Northwest (TERRA-PNW) research group between 1999 and 2014 across forests in Oregon and Northern California. Included are standardized, integrated measurements and estimates of specific leaf area, leaf longevity, leaf carbon and nitrogen for 35 tree and shrub species derived from more than 1,200 branch samples collected from over 200 forest plots, including several AmeriFlux sites. Plot-level measurements of forest composition, structure (e.g. tree biomass), and productivity estimates, as well as measurements of soil structure (e.g. bulk density) and chemistry (e.g. carbon) are also included.

VPRM_North_America_Parameters_1349

This data set provides Vegetation Photosynthesis Respiration Model (VPRM) net ecosystem exchange (NEE) parameter values optimized to 65 flux tower sites across North America. The parameters include the basal rate of ecosystem respiration (beta), the slope of respiration with respect to temperature (alpha), light-use efficiency (LUE) (lambda), and LUE curve half-saturation (PAR_0). Observed eddy covariance data from the 65 tower sites, locally observed temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) along with satellite-derived phenology and moisture were used as input data to optimize the VPRM parameters for the 65 sites. The data are provided by individual site, plant functional types (PFTs), and all sites together, and as monthly, annual, and all available data. The data are for the conterminous USA, Alaska, and Canada for the period 2000 to 2006.

NACP_Woody_Veg_N_Slope_AK_V2_1365

This data set provides the results of (1) field measurements of woody vegetation (shrubs) at 26 diverse sites across the North Slope of Alaska during 2010 and 2011, (2) field-based statistical estimates of site shrub structural characteristics, (3) high-resolution panchromatic satellite imagery-based estimates of field site shrub characteristics using the Canopy Analysis with Panchromatic Imagery (CANAPI) model, and (4) adjusted CANAPI estimates of shrub characteristics at 1,013 selected sites widely distributed across the North Slope.

HighRes_ClimateData_Western_US_1682

This dataset provides sub-daily, high-resolution, climate data inputs including temperature, precipitation, near surface specific humidity, incoming short-wave radiation, and near-surface wind speed over 11 states of the western USA. States included are Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. These data were derived for use in the Community Land Model (CLM v4.5) and are at 3-hourly temporal and 4 x 4 km spatial resolutions for the 1979 through 2015 time period. The source for observational data was METDATA (now called GRIDMET), at a daily resolution. Modeling efforts using these data estimated annual carbon stocks, fluxes, and productivity across the western United States.

NACP_Forest_Conservation_1662

This dataset contains annual estimates of carbon stocks, fluxes, and productivity over forested land in 11 states of the western USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming). The estimates were produced from multiple simulations using the Community Land Model (v4.5) with different climate forcing data and prescribed harvest rates. Business as usual (BAU) scenarios were run to ensure that the simulations represented present-day stand ages. The estimates span two modeled time periods, 1979-2014 and 2015-2099, at 1/24-degree (4 km x 4 km) resolution. Variables included are gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), net ecosystem productivity (NEP), net primary production (NPP), autotrophic respiration (RA), heterotrophic respiration (RH), transpiration factor, aboveground live tree carbon, carbon loss from fire, allocation to stem carbon, and burned area fraction over forested areas of the western USA.

MODIS_PAR_1140

This data set contains daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) images over North America for the years 2003 - 2005 and was created to fill the need for daily PAR estimates. Incident PAR is the solar radiation in the range of 400 to 700 nm reaching the earth's surface and plays an important role in modeling terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The daily images were derived by integrating MODIS/Terra and MODIS/Aqua instantaneous PAR data where the instantaneous PAR data is estimated directly from Terra or Aqua MODIS 5-min L1b swath data (Liang et al., 2006 and Wang et al., 2010). The spatial distribution of this data set includes the MODIS tile subsets covering North America, Central America, portions of South America, and Greenland, available for the years 2003 - 2005. There are 45,376 .hdf files with a spatial resolution of 4 km x 4 km in sinusoidal projection distributed by year in three compressed data files: 2003.zip, 2004.zip, and 2005.zip. Contained within each daily file are 4 separate image files: DirectPar, DiffusePAR, TotalPAR, and Observation Count. There are 46 MODIS tiles that cover the study area extent.

HourlyUrban_GreenhouseGases_US_1916

This dataset provides hourly urban greenhouse gas measurements for cities in the CO2 Urban Synthesis and Analysis (CO2-USA) Data Synthesis Network for 2000 to 2019. Measurements include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations measured at hourly intervals at multiple sites within the U.S. cities of Boston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Portland, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and Washington DC/Baltimore, and Toronto, Canada.

NAFD-NEX_Attribution_1799

Characterizing the cause of forest canopy changes through time is fundamental to understanding current and future forest functions. A better understanding of forest dynamics can help build linkages between patterns and processes. The North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) products provided in this dataset predict characteristics related to the cause of forest canopy cover losses for the conterminous United States (CONUS) derived from Landsat images for the period 1986-2010. The characteristics are summarized in four separate data layers. The first layer labels the type of change event (stable-no change, removals, fire, stress, wind, conversion, other), the second labels the year of the event, the third and fourth layers measure dominance and diversity, measures of qualitative confidence metrics derived from the model predictions. For each pixel the maps depict the greatest magnitude event occurring between 1986-2010.

NACP_PalEON_MIP_1779

This dataset from the PalEON Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (PEMIP) provides harmonized regional environmental and meteorological drivers at a resolution of 0.5 degrees for the North-central and Northeastern U.S. over the time period 0850-01-01 to 2010-12-31. This dataset consists of the regional environmental and meteorological drivers. The environmental drivers include (1) dominant biome type, (2) plant functional type, (3) annual carbon dioxide concentration, (4) monthly carbon dioxide concentration, (5) land use-land cover change, (6) nitrogen concentrations, and (7) soil measurements. The meteorological drivers include (1) incident longwave radiation, (2) incident shortwave radiation, (3) precipitation, (4) surface pressure, (5) specific humidity, (6) air temperature, and (7) wind speed. The PEMIP is a coordinated effort to develop a set of terrestrial ecosystem model simulations with the ability to evaluate high-resolution ecophysiological causes and consequences of forest responses to climatic variability and change over the past millennium.

SOC_3M_Maps_NE_TidalWetlands_1905

This dataset provides estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) in tidal wetlands for the northeastern United States. The data cover the period 1998-2018. Northeastern U.S. tidal wetlands and bordering areas were harmonized from government agencies [U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS), National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS), USDA-NRCS - Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - National Wetland Condition and Assessment (EPA-NWCA)] and published studies. Point data for carbon stocks (in kg m-2) at four soil depths (0-5, 0-30, 0-100, and 0-200 cm) are included. SOC for the four depths was predicted for eight regional zones using regression models driven by environmental covariates. Two methods were used to estimate parameters for these models, a Random Forest (RF) Ranger method and a Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) model. The distribution of SOC was predicted for tidal wetland cover types mapped by Correll et al. (2019). Predictions and uncertainties are available at a 3 m resolution.

NACP_Vista_CA_CH4_Inventory_1726

This dataset provides spatial data products with identified and organized locations of potential methane (CH4) emitting facilities and infrastructure spanning the State of California. These data products form a GIS-based mapping database designed to address shortcomings in current CH4 source inventories and is known as Vista California (Vista-CA). Vista-CA consists of detailed spatial maps for facilities and infrastructure in California that are known or expected sources of CH4 emissions and illustrates the spatial distribution of potential CH4 sources. Vista-CA spatial data sets were created utilizing an assortment of publicly available data sources from local, state, and federal agencies for the years 2005 to 2019. The final Vista-CA database contains over 230,000 entries, which are presented as fifteen CH4 emitting infrastructure maps. The database was used to support flight planning and source attribution for the California Methane Survey project.

NACP_Vista_LA_CH4_Inventory_1525

This data set provides spatial data products with identified and classified locations of potential methane (CH4) emitting facilities and infrastructure in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). These data products form a GIS-based mapping database designed to address shortcomings in current urban CH4 source inventories and is known as Vista Los Angeles (Vista-LA). SoCAB is the air shed for the greater Los Angeles urban area, which includes urbanized portions of the Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino Counties, California, USA. Vista-LA consists of detailed spatial maps for facilities and infrastructure in the SoCAB that are known or expected sources of CH4 emissions and illustrates the spatial distribution of potential CH4 sources, representing a first step towards developing an urban-scale CH4 emissions gridded inventory for the SoCAB. Vista-LA spatial data sets were created utilizing an assortment of publicly available data sources from local, state, and federal agencies for the years 2012 to 2017. The final Vista-LA database contains over 33,000 entries, which are presented as thirteen CH4 emitting infrastructure maps.

SOC_Stocks_Great_Plains_1603

This dataset provides estimates of total organic soil carbon (SOC), pyrogenic (PyC), particulate (POC), and other organic soil carbon (OOC) fractions in 473 surface layer soil samples collected from stratified-sampling locations in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, and Wyoming, USA. Terrain, climate, soil, fire, and land cover data used to predict and map SOC, PyC, POC, and OOC at 1 km resolution throughout the study region are also included. The estimates were derived using a best random forest regression model and cover the period 2007-05-01 to 2010-10-01.

Tidal_Wetland_Estuaries_Data_1742

This dataset provides a synthesis of soil organic carbon (SOC) estimates and a variety of other environmental information from tidal wetlands within estuaries in the conterminous United States for the period 1972-2015. The data were compiled from several existing data resources and include the following: soil organic carbon stock estimates, the proportion of the catchment area containing the wetlands that is barren, tidal wetland area, nontidal wetland land, open water, saltwater zone, mixed zone, agricultural, urban, forest, and wetland areas, land elevation, ocean salinity, sea surface temperature, ocean dissolved inorganic phosphorus, estuary latitude, longitude, depth, perimeter, salinity, and estuary volume, river flow, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus river flux, sediment organic carbon content, windspeed, mean temperature, daily and mean precipitation, frost days, and the population within each catchment. Estuaries were also classified to one of six typological categories. Coastal locations were determined by natural environmental and political divisions within the US. The data were used to investigate how tidal wetland soil organic carbon density is distributed across the continental US among various coastal locations, estuarine typologies, vegetation types, water regimes, and management regimes, and to identify whether SOC density is correlated with different environmental variables. The analytical results are not included with this dataset.

CH4_Modeled_EmissionSources_2411

This dataset holds estimates of methane emissions derived from a dual tracer inversion of atmospheric measurements of CH4 mole fractions and d13CH4 isotopic values. The measurements were assimilated in the TM5 4-Dimensional Variational (TM5-4DVAR) source-sink inversion system to estimate methane emissions from fossil fuel, microbial, and pyrogenic sources. These estimates include monthly means of methane emissions from each source and all three sources combined at 1-degree longitude x 1-degree latitude spatial resolution globally and monthly totals across all global grid cells from each source and all three sources combined from 1999 to 2016. The data are provided in netCDF version 4 format.

TillageErosion_SOCRedistribute_1944

This dataset contains model predictions of soil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution caused by agricultural practices such as tillage erosion. Soil erosion diminishes agricultural productivity by driving the loss of SOC. This model addresses a growing need to predict soil organic carbon transport, loss, and deposition. The model was applied to three sites containing paired prairie grassland and field plots in Iowa, and predicts SOC redistribution between 1859 to 2019. The model was developed by incorporating a SOC mixing model with a landscape evolution model that simulates tillage erosion.

Biogenic_CO2flux_SIF_SMUrF_1899

This dataset contains estimates of biogenic CO2 flux components at 0.05 degree resolution from the Solar-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) for Modeling Urban biogenic Fluxes (SMUrF) model. Estimates were produced for the following regions and periods: eastern and western CONUS (2010-2019), western Europe (2010-2014 and 2017-2018), eastern Asia, eastern China, eastern Australia, South America, and Central Africa (2017-2018). Modeled CO2 flux components include gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). Four-day means of GPP are estimated from solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and biome-specific GPP-SIF relationships. Daily estimates of Reco are included. In addition, GPP and Reco were downscaled to hourly estimates and used to generate hourly NEE. Uncertainties for 4-day GPP and daily Reco estimates are provided. The input data streams included 500 m MODIS-based annual land cover classification, 0.05 degree spatiotemporally contiguous SIF, above-ground biomass (AGB) from GlobBiomass, eddy-covariance (EC) flux measurements, and gridded products of air and soil temperatures.

Vulcan_V3_Annual_Emissions_1741

The Vulcan version 3.0 annual dataset provides estimates of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels (FF) and CO2 emissions from cement production for the conterminous United States and the State of Alaska. Referred to as FFCO2, the emissions from Vulcan are categorized into 10 source sectors including; residential, commercial, industrial, electricity production, onroad, nonroad, commercial marine vessel, airport, rail, and cement. Data are gridded annually on a 1-km grid for the years 2010 to 2015. These data are annual sums of hourly estimates. Also provided are estimates of the upper 95% confidence interval and the lower 95% confidence interval boundaries for each emission estimate. For each uncertainty level, there are 10 individual sector files and one total file. These data are designed to be used as emission estimates in atmospheric transport modeling, policy, mapping, and other data analyses and applications.

Vulcan_V3_Hourly_Emissions_1810

The Vulcan version 3.0 hourly dataset quantifies hourly emissions at a 1-km resolution for the 2010-2015 time period. Estimates are provided of hourly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels (FF) and CO2 emissions from cement production for the conterminous United States and the state of Alaska. Referred to as FFCO2, the emissions from Vulcan are categorized into 10 source sectors including; residential, commercial, industrial, electricity production, onroad, nonroad, commercial marine vessel, airport, rail, and cement. Files for hourly total emissions are also available. Data are represented in space on a 1 km x 1 km grid as hourly totals for 2010-2015. This dataset provides the first bottom-up U.S.-wide FFCO2 emissions data product at 1 km2/hourly for multiple years and is designed to be used as emission estimates in atmospheric transport modeling, policy, mapping, and other data analyses and applications.

WRF_STILT_Footprints_Boston_1572

This dataset provides Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) footprint data products for two receptors located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, for July 2013 - December 2014. The data are gridded footprints on a 1-km grid congruent with the ACES emissions inventory. Meteorological fields from version 3.5.1 of the Weather Research and Forecasting model are used to drive STILT. STILT applies a Lagrangian particle dispersion model backwards in time from a measurement location (the "receptor" location), to create the adjoint of the transport model in the form of a "footprint" field. The footprint, with units of mixing ratio, quantifies the influence of upwind surface fluxes on CO2 and CH4 concentrations measured at the receptor and is computed by counting the number of particles in a surface-influenced volume and the time spent in that volume.

WRF_STILT_Particles_Boston_1596

This dataset provides Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) particle trajectory data and footprint products for two receptors located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, for July 2013 - December 2014. Meteorological fields from version 3.6.1 of the Weather Research and Forecasting model are used to drive STILT. STILT applies a Lagrangian particle dispersion model backwards in time from a measurement location (the "receptor" location), to create the adjoint of the transport model in the form of a "footprint" field. The footprint, with units of mixing ratio (ppm) per surface flux (umol m-2 s-1), quantifies the influence of upwind surface fluxes on CO2 and CH4 concentrations measured at the receptor and is computed by counting the number of particles in a surface-influenced volume and the time spent in that volume. Footprints are provided for the two receptors at two temporal and spatial scales: three days of surface influence over the whole North American coverage area at 1-degree resolution and 24 hours of surface influence within a smaller region close to the measurement locations ('near field') at 0.1-degree resolution.

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How to Cite

NASA NACP Project was accessed on DATE from https://registry.opendata.aws/nasa-nacp.