NASA GHRSST Project

Description

CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.0625 deg. x 0.0625 deg. horizontal resolution over the Black Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Black sea.

OISST_UHR_NRT-GOS-L4-BLK-v2.0

CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.01 deg. x 0.01 deg. horizontal resolution over the Black Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Black sea.

G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90

The G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset produced by the NOAA ACSPO system is used to derive Subskin and Depth Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the ABI onboard the G18 satellite. NOAA’s G18 (aka, GOES-T pre-launch) was launched on March 1, 2022, replacing the G17 as GOES West in Jan'2023. It is the third satellite in the US GOES–R Series, the Western Hemisphere’s most sophisticated weather-observing and environmental-monitoring system. The ABI is the primary instrument on the GOES-R Series for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment.

G18/ABI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 163E-77W and 60S-60N, with a spatial resolution of 2km/nadir to 15km/VZA 67-deg, and 10-min temporal sampling. The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce the 1-hr product, with improved coverage and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The L2P is produced in netCDF4 GDS2 format, with 24 granules per day, and a total data volume 0.8 GB/day. The near-real time (NRT) data are updated hourly, with several hours latency. The NRT files are replaced with Delayed Mode (DM) files, with a latency of ~2-months. File names remain unchanged, and DM vs NRT can be identified by different time stamps and global attributes inside the files (MERRA instead of GFS for atmospheric profiles, and same day CMC L4 analyses in DM instead of one-day delayed in NRT processing).

Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Those can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script available at Documents tab under How-To section. The ACSPO G18 ABI SSTs are validated against quality controlled in situ data from the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) and continuously monitored in NOAA SQUAM system (Dash et al, 2010). A 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded L3C product 0.7GB/day) is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90

H09-AHI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90

The H09-AHI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset contains the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) produced by the NOAA ACSPO system from the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; largely identical to GOES-R/ABI) onboard the Himawari-9 (H09) satellite. The H09 is a Japanese weather satellite, the 9th of the Himawari geostationary weather satellite operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It was launched on November 2, 2016 into its nominal position at 140.7-deg E, and declared operational on December 13, 2022, replacing the Himawari-8. The AHI is the primary instrument on the Himawari Series for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment with high temporal and spatial resolutions.

The H08/AHI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 80E-160W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir to 15km/VZA (view zenith angle) 67-deg, and 10-min temporal sampling. The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce the 1-hr product, with improved coverage and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The L2P data is produced in GHRSST compliant netCDF4 GDS2 format, with 24 granules per day, and a total data volume 1.2 GB/day. The near-real time (NRT) data are updated hourly, with several hours latency. The NRT files are replaced with Delayed Mode (DM) files, with a latency of approximately 2-months. File names remain unchanged, and DM vs NRT can be identified by different time stamps and global attributes inside the files (MERRA instead of GFS for atmospheric profiles, and same day CMC L4 analyses in DM instead of one-day delayed in NRT processing).

Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Pixel locations can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script available via Documents tab from the dataset landing page. Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata aware software (e.g., Panoply, xarray) can detect and map the data as is via the granule CF projection attributes and variables. The ACSPO H09 HAI SSTs are validated against quality controlled in situ data from the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) and continuously monitored in the NOAA SQUAM system (Dash et al, 2010). A 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded L3C product 0.7GB/day) is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/H09-AHI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90

AVHRR_SST_METOP_A_GLB-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) platform (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This global L3C product is derived from full resolution AVHRR l1b data that are re-mapped onto a 0.05 degree grid twice daily. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AVHRR_SST_METOP_B_GLB-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) platform (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This global L3C product is derived from full resolution AVHRR l1b data that are re-mapped onto a 0.05 degree grid twice daily. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

GOES16-SST-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

The data is regional and part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset covering the America Region based on retrievals from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-16 (GOES-16). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from GOES-16 in the Eastern position. GOES-16 Imager level 1 data are acquired at Météo-France/Centre de Météorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCast system. The GOES-16 ABI enables daytime SST calculations (whereas, previously, GOES East SST was restricted to nighttime conditions). The L3C SST is derived from a three-band (centered at 8.4, 10.3, and 12.3 um) algorithm. The ABI split-window configuration features three bands instead of the two found in heritage sensors (GOES-13). The 8.5-um is used in conjunction with the 10.3-um and 12.3-um bands for improved thin cirrus detection as well as for better atmospheric moisture correction in relatively dry atmospheres. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiative transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Each 10-minute observation interval is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05-degree regular grid (60S-60N and 135W-15W) SST fields obtained by aggregating the available10-minute SST data into hourly files-hour time, with priority being given to the value closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

SEVIRI_SST_DR-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the Eastern Atlantic Region from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the MSG satellites (Meteosat-8 and Meteosat-9). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) has reprocessed SST products in (long) delayed-mode from MSG/SEVIRI. SST is retrieved from the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm and the cloud mask (CM) from OSI SAF. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, OSTIA Sea Surface Temperature re-analysis and analysis, together with a radiative transfer model (RTTOV), are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15-minute slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05-degree regular grid (60S-60N and 60W-60E) SST fields obtained by aggregating all available 15-minute SST data into hourly files with priority being given to the value closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90

The G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset produced by the NOAA ACSPO system is used to derive Subskin and Depth Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the ABI sensor onboard the G18 satellite. NOAA’s G18 (aka GOES-T before launch) was launched on March 1, 2022, replacing G17 as GOES West in Jan'2023. It is the third satellite in the US GOES–R Series, the Western Hemisphere’s most sophisticated weather-observing and environmental-monitoring system. The ABI is the primary instrument on the GOES-R Series for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment.

The G18-ABI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset is a gridded version of the G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/G18-ABI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90). The L3C (Level 3 Collated) outputs 24 hourly granules per day, with a daily volume of 0.7 GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST.

The ACSPO G18/ABI L3C product is validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) and continuously monitored in the NOAA SQUAM system (Dash et al, 2010). The NRT files are replaced with Delayed Mode (DM) files, with a latency of ~2-months. File names remain unchanged, and DM vs NRT can be identified by different time stamps and global attributes inside the files (MERRA instead of GFS for atmospheric profiles, and same day CMC L4 analyses in DM instead of one-day delayed in NRT processing).

H09-AHI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90

The H09-AHI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset contains the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) produced by the NOAA ACSPO system from the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; largely identical to GOES-R/ABI) onboard the Himawari-9 (H09) satellite. The H09 is a Japanese weather satellite, the 9th of the Himawari geostationary weather satellite operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. It was launched on November 2, 2016 into its nominal position at 140.7-deg E, and declared operational on December 13, 2022, replacing the Himawari-8. The AHI is the primary instrument on the Himawari Series for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and environment with high temporal and spatial resolutions.

The H09-AHI-L3C-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset is a gridded version of the ACSPO H09-AHI-L2P-ACSPO-v2.90 dataset (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AHI_H09-STAR-L2P-v2.90). The L3C (Level 3 Collated) data is mapped on 0.02-deg lat-lon grid and outputs 24 hourly granules per day, with a daily volume of 0.7 GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST.

The ACSPO H09/AHI L3C product is validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) and continuously monitored in the NOAA SQUAM system (Dash et al, 2010). The NRT files are replaced with Delayed Mode (DM) files, with a latency of approximately 2-months. File names remain unchanged, and DM vs NRT can be identified by different time stamps and global attributes inside the files (MERRA for DM instead of GFS for atmospheric profiles, and same day CMC L4 analyses in DM instead of one-day delayed in NRT processing).

VIIRS_NPP-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). This sensor resides on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite launched on 28 October 2011. The VIIRS instrument is a a 22-band, multi-spectral scanning radiometer with a 3040-km swath width that builds on the heritage of the MODIS , AVHRR and SeaWIFS sensors for sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color. For the infrared bands for SST the effective pixel size is 740 meters at nadir and the pixel size variation across the swath is constrained to no more than 1600 meters at the edge of the swath. However, the processing of this dataset aggregates two pixels into one so the resolution is 1500 meters at nadir. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

VIIRS_NPP-NAVO-L2P-v3.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). This sensor resides on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi_NPP) satellite launched on 28 October 2011. VIIRS is a whiskbroom scanning radiometer which takes measurements in the cross-track direction within a field of regard of 112.56 degrees using 16 detectors and a double-sided mirror assembly. At a nominal altitude of 829 km, the swath width is 3060 km, providing full daily coverage both on the day and night side of the Earth. The VIIRS instrument is a 22-band, multi-spectral scanning radiometer that builds on the heritage of the MODIS , AVHRR and SeaWIFS sensors for sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color. For the infrared bands for SST the effective pixel size is 750 meters at nadir and the pixel size variation across the swath is constrained to no more than 1600 meters at the edge of the swath. This L2P SST v3.0 is upgraded from the v2.0 with several significant improvements in processing algorithms, including contamination detection, cloud detection, and data format upgrades. It contains the global near daily-coverage Sea Surface Temperature at 1-meter depth with 750 m (along) x 750 m (cross) spatial resolution in swath coordinates. Each netCDF file has 768 x 3200 pixels in size, in compliance with the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

MSG03-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellites are spin stabilized geostationary satellites operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) to provide accurate weather monitoring data through its primary instrument the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), which has the capacity to observe the Earth in 12 spectral channels. Eight of these channels are in the thermal infrared, providing among other information, observations of the temperatures of clouds, land and sea surfaces at approximately 5 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. This Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is derived from the SEVIRI instrument on the second MSG satellite (also known as Meteosat-9) that was launched on 22 December 2005. Skin sea surface temperature (SST) data are calculated from the infrared channels of SEVIRI at full resolution every 15 minutes. L2P data products with Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST-PP Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0.

GOES15-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, meteorology and oceanography research. Generally there are several GOES satellites in geosynchronous orbit at any one time viewing different earth locations including the GOES-15 launched 4 March 2010. The radiometer aboard the satellite, The GOES N-P Imager, is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. The multi-element spectral channels simultaneously sweep east-west and west-east along a north-to-south path by means of a two-axis mirror scan system retuning telemetry in 10-bit precision. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the far IR channels of GOES-15 at full resolution on a half hourly basis. In native satellite projection, vertically adjacent pixels are averaged and read out at every pixel. L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. The full disk image is subsetted into granules representing distinct northern and southern regions.

AVHRRMTA_G-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A; launched 19 Oct 2006) ) satellite produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European undertaking providing weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. It was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with a contribution by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of an AVHRR sensor identical to those flying on the family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The MetOp-A platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. This particular dataset is produced from Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.

AVHRRMTB_G-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B; launched 19 Oct 2006) ) satellite produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European undertaking providing weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. It was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with a contribution by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of an AVHRR sensor identical to those flying on the family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES). AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The MetOp-A platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. This particular dataset is produced from Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.

AVHRR18_G-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-18 platform (launched 20 May 2005) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.

AVHRR19_G-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.

AMSR2-REMSS-L2P_RT-v8.2

This product provides a near-real-time (NRT) Level-2 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (identified by "rt" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The NRT SST is made as available as soon as possible, generally within 3 hours latency. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-2TR8A.

VIIRS_NPP-JPL-L2P-v2016.2

These files contain NASA produced skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Visible and Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi-NPP satellite. VIIRS is a multi-disciplinary instrument that is also being flown on the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series of spacecraft, of which NOAA-20 is the first. JPSS is a multi-agency program that consolidates the polar orbiting spacecraft of NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Suomi-NPP is the initial spacecraft in this series, and VIIRS is the successor to MODIS for Earth science data. VIIRS has 22 spectral bands ranging from 412 nm to 12 micron . There are 16 moderate-resolution bands (750m at nadir), 5 image-resolution bands (375 m), and one day-night band (DNB). VIIRS uses on-board pixel aggregation to reduce the growth in size of pixels away from nadir. Two SST products are contained in these files. The first is a skin SST produced separately for day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST products from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second triple channel SST product is generated using the 3.7 , 11 and 12 micron IR channels, identified as SST_triple. Due to the sun glint in the 3.7 micron SST_triple can only be used at night. VIIRS L2P SST data have a 750 spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in ~288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained each day. The production of VIIRS NASA L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS were responsible for sea surface temperature algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of VIIRS ocean products. JPL acquires VIIRS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and is the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. In mid-August, 2018, the RSMAS involvement in the VIIRS SST project ceased, and the subsequent fields are not maintained.The R2016.2 supersedes the previous v2016.0 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHVRS-2PN16

MODIS_A-JPL-L2P-v2019.0

NASA produces skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite. Aqua was launched by NASA on May 4, 2002, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight ascending node at 1:30 pm, formation flying in the A-train with other Earth Observation Satellites (EOS), to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night (NSST) observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity of SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is generated using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron wavelength channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be used at night. MODIS L2P SST data have a 1 km spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in 288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained every two days, with coverage poleward of 32.3 degree being complete each day. The production of MODIS L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS are responsible for SST algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of daily MODIS ocean products. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and ancillary variables, and distributes the data as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous R2014.0 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHMDA-2PJ02

MODIS_T-JPL-L2P-v2019.0

NASA produces skin sea surface temperature (SST) products from the Infrared (IR) channels of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Terra was launched by NASA on December 18, 1999, into a sun synchronous, polar orbit with a daylight descending node at 10:30 am, to study the global dynamics of the Earth atmosphere, land and oceans. The MODIS captures data in 36 spectral bands at a variety of spatial resolutions. Two SST products can be present in these files. The first is a skin SST produced for both day and night observations, derived from the long wave IR 11 and 12 micron wavelength channels, using a modified nonlinear SST algorithm intended to provide continuity with SST derived from heritage and current NASA sensors. At night, a second SST product is produced using the mid-infrared 3.95 and 4.05 micron channels which are unique to MODIS; the SST derived from these measurements is identified as SST4. The SST4 product has lower uncertainty, but due to sun glint can only be produced at night. MODIS L2P SST data have a 1 km spatial resolution at nadir and are stored in 288 five minute granules per day. Full global coverage is obtained every two days, with coverage poleward of 32.3 degree being complete each day. The production of MODIS L2P SST files is part of the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) project, and is a joint collaboration between the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), and the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). Researchers at RSMAS are responsible for SST algorithm development, error statistics and quality flagging, while the OBPG, as the NASA ground data system, is responsible for the production of daily MODIS ocean products. JPL acquires MODIS ocean granules from the OBPG and reformats them to the GHRSST L2P netCDF specification with complete metadata and ancillary variables, and distributes the data as the official Physical Oceanography Data Archive (PO.DAAC) for SST. The R2019.0 supersedes the previous R2014.0 datasets which can be found at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHMDT-2PJ02

AVHRRMTA_G-NAVO-L2P-v2.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data

AVHRRMTB_G-NAVO-L2P-v2.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data

AVHRRMTC_G-NAVO-L2P-v2.0

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-C (MetOp-C) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data

IASI_SST_METOP_A-OSISAF-L2P-v1.0

A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A）satellite （launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.

IASI_SST_METOP_B-OSISAF-L2P-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B)satellite (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.

AMSRE-REMSS-L2P-v7a

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) was launched on 4 May 2002, aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) provided AMSR-E to NASA as an indispensable part of Aqua's global hydrology mission. Over the oceans, AMSR-E is measuring a number of important geophysical parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, atmospheric water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. A key feature of AMSR-E is its capability to see through clouds, thereby providing an uninterrupted view of global SST and surface wind fields. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) is the provider of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

TMI-REMSS-L2P-v4

GDS2 Version -The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is a well calibrated passive microwave radiometer, similar to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), that contains lower frequency channels required for sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals. The TRMM is part of the NASA's mission to planet Earth, and is a joint venture between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure precipitation, water vapor, SST and wind in the global tropical regions and was launched in 27 November 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan. The TRMM satellite travels west to east in a 402 km altitude semi-equatorial precessing orbit that results in day-to-day changes in the observation time of any given earth location between 38S and 38N. Remote Sensing Systems has produced a Version-4 TMI ocean SST dataset for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) by applying an algorithm to the 10.7 GHz channel through a removal of surface roughness effects. In contrast to infrared SST observations, microwave retrievals can be measured through clouds, which are nearly transparent at 10.7 GHz. Microwave retrievals are also insensitive to water vapor and aerosols. The algorithm for retrieving SSTs from radiometer data is described in "AMSR Ocean Algorithm.

AMSR2-REMSS-L2P-v8.2

This product provides a “Final” (Refined) Level-2 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (currently identified by "v8.2" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The “Final” SSTs are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-2PR8A.

VIIRS_N20-NAVO-L2P-v3.0

The VIIRS_N20-NAVO-L2P-v3.0 dataset produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) derives the 1-meter depth Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-1 satellite, renamed as NOAA-20 (N20). N20 was launched on November 18, 2017, the 2nd satellite in the US NOAA JPSS series.

VIIRS L2P SST products are derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NAVO's Level-2 SST processor version 3.0 (v3.0). Data contains the global near daily-coverage Sea Surface Temperature at 1-meter depth with 750 m (along) x 750 m (cross) spatial resolution in swath coordinates. Each netCDF file has 768 x 3200 pixels in size, in compliance with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The data record is available back to Feb. 20 2024. The L2P SST v3.0 is the first release at PO.DAAC derived from the L2P SST processor v3.0, which was upgraded from the v2.0 with several significant improvements in processing algorithms, including contamination detection, cloud detection, and data format upgrades.

The product is comparable with the NPP VIIRS L2P (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-NAVO-L2P-v3.0) and the N21 VIIRS L2P (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N21-NAVO-L2P-v3.0) datasets. It also has similar coverage and quality as the NOAA ACSPO VIIRS L2P SST (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/N20-VIIRS-L2P-ACSPO-v2.80).

VIIRS_N21-NAVO-L2P-v3.0

The VIIRS_N21-NAVO-L2P-v3.0 dataset produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) derives the 1-meter depth Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-2 satellite, renamed as NOAA-21 (N21). N21 was launched on November 10, 2022, the 3rd satellite in the US NOAA JPSS series.

VIIRS L2P SST products are derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NAVO's Level-2 SST processor version 3.0 (v3.0). Data contains the global near daily-coverage Sea Surface Temperature at 1-meter depth with 750 m (along) x 750 m (cross) spatial resolution in swath coordinates. Each netCDF file has 768 x 3200 pixels in size, in compliance with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The data record is available back to Feb. 21 2024. The L2P SST v3.0 is the first release at PO.DAAC derived from the L2P SST processor v3.0, which was upgraded from the v2.0 with several significant improvements in processing algorithms, including contamination detection, cloud detection, and data format upgrades.

The product is comparable with the NPP VIIRS L2P (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-NAVO-L2P-v3.0) and the N20 VIIRS L2P (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N20-NAVO-L2P-v3.0). It also has similar coverage and quality as the NOAA ACSPO VIIRS L2P SST (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/N21-VIIRS-L2P-ACSPO-v2.80).

N21-VIIRS-L2P-ACSPO-v2.80

The N21-VIIRS-L2P-ACSPO-v2.80 dataset produced by the NOAA ACSPO system derives the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-2 satellite, renamed as NOAA-21 (N21). N21 was launched on Nov. 10, 2022, the 3rd satellite in the US NOAA latest JPSS series.

VIIRS L2P SST products are derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system (Jonasson et al. 2022). Data are reported in 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The ACSPO N21 VIIRS SST record is available back to 19 Mar 2023. In ACSPO products, SSTs are derived using the Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014). An ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) is provided in each pixel as part of variable l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags (Petrenko et al., 2010). Only ACSM confidently clear pixels with quality level QL=5 are recommended. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with QL=5.

The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam) using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM). A reduced size (0.5GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO N21 VIIRS L3U product is also available (10.5067/GHV21-3U280) (Ignatov et al., 2017).

VIIRS_N20-STAR-L2P-v2.80

NOAA-20 (N20/JPSS-1/J1) is the second satellite in the US NOAA latest generation Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), launched on November 18, 2017. NOAA is responsible for all JPSS products, including SST from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The L2P SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system, and reported in 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). SSTs are derived from Brightness Temperatures (BTs) using the Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014). An ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) is provided in each pixel as part of variable l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags (Petrenko et al., 2010). Only ACSM confidently clear pixels are recommended (equivalent to GDS2 quality level=5). Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with QL=5. The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam) using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM). A reduced size (0.5GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3U product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N20-STAR-L3U-v2.80, where gridded L2P SSTs with QL=5 only are reported. The v2.80 is an updated version from the v2.61 with several algorithm improvements including two added thermal front layers, reduced L2P SST data size, mitigated warm biases in the high latitudes, and improved clear-sky mask.

VIIRS_NPP-STAR-L2P-v2.80

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), starting with S-NPP launched on 28 October 2011, is the new generation of the US Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). NOAA is responsible for all JPSS products, including SST from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The L2P SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution (~0.75 km at nadir, ~1.5 km at swath edge) using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system, and reported in 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). SSTs are derived from Brightness Temperatures (BTs) using the Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithms (Petrenko et al., 2014). An ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM) is provided in each pixel as part of variable l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags (Petrenko et al., 2010). Only ACSM confidently clear pixels are recommended (equivalent to GDS2 quality level=5). Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with QL=5. The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam) using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM). A reduced size (0.5GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3U product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-STAR-L3U-v2.80, where gridded L2P SSTs with QL=5 only are reported. The v2.80 is an updated version from the v2.61 with several algorithm improvements including two added thermal front layers, reduced L2P SST data size, mitigated warm biases in the high latitudes, and improved clear-sky mask.

AVHRR19_L-NAVO-L2P-v1.0

A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. GAC data provide daily subsampled global coverage recorded on tape recorders and then transmitted to a ground station. This particular dataset is derived from LAC data. Further binning and averaging of the 1.1 km LAC pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 2.2 km. The coverage of the LAC data can vary but generally contains scenes over the oceans adjacent to Australia and the North Indian Ocean.

EWSG1-NAVO-L2P-v01

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P sea surface temperature produced by The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) from the GOES Imager sensor on the Electro-Optical Infrared Weather System – Geostationary satellite (EWS-G1). The EWS-G1, formerly GOES-13, is the first Department of Defense owned geostationary weather satellite, which has been repositioned over Indian Ocean (IO) region at 60.0° West longitude in January 2018 and fully operational since September 8, 2020, providing timely cloud characterization and theater weather imagery to DoD. The EWS-G1 L2P SST product is calculated based on the 4-micron (band 2) and 11-micron (band 4) channels, providing nighttime and daytime SST. However, daytime SSTs are not produced in areas where the 4-micron channel is strongly affected by Solar radiation, which is defined by solar reflection angle > 50 degree. The L2P data are packaged according to the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) in netCDF4 format at 0.04-degree spatial resolution and stored in 48 half-hour granules per day. The data will be continually updated with 24 hours latency.

EWSG2-NAVO-L2P-v01

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P sea surface temperature dataset produced by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) from the GOES Imager sensor on the Electro-Optical Infrared Weather System – Geostationary satellite (EWS-G2). The EWS-G2, formerly GOES-15, is the second Department of Defense owned geostationary weather satellite, which has been repositioned over Indian Ocean (IO) region at 60.0° West longitude in September 2023 and fully operational since December 3, 2023, providing timely cloud characterization and theater weather imagery to DoD. The EWS-G2 L2P SST product is calculated based on the 4-micron (band 2) and 11-micron (band 4) channels, providing nighttime and daytime SST. However, daytime SSTs are not produced in areas where the 4-micron channel is strongly affected by Solar radiation, which is defined by solar reflection angle > 50 degrees. The L2P data are packaged according to the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) in netCDF4 format at 0.04-degree spatial resolution and stored in 104 partial disks per day. The data will be continually updated with 24 hours latency.

AVHRR_SST_METOP_A-OSISAF-L2P-v1.0

A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A)satellite (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This product is delivered at full resolution in satellite projection as metagranule corresponding to 3 minutes of acquisition. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AVHRR_SST_METOP_B-OSISAF-L2P-v1.0

A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) satellite (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared channels (3.7, 10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. This product is delivered at full resolution in satellite projection as metagranule corresponding to 3 minutes of acquisition. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

GOES13-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) support weather forecasting, severe storm tracking, meteorology and oceanography research. Generally there are several GOES satellites in geosynchronous orbit at any one time viewing different earth locations including the GOES-13 launched 24 May 2006. The radiometer aboard the satellite, The GOES N-P Imager, is a five channel (one visible, four infrared) imaging radiometer designed to sense radiant and solar reflected energy from sampled areas of the earth. The multi-element spectral channels simultaneously sweep east-west and west-east along a north-to-south path by means of a two-axis mirror scan system retuning telemetry in 10-bit precision. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the far IR channels of GOES-13 at full resolution on a half hourly basis. In native satellite projection, vertically adjacent pixels are averaged and read out at every pixel. L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. The full disk image is subsetted into granules representing distinct northern and southern regions.

MTSAT2-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

Multi-functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) are a series of geostationary weather satellites operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). MTSAT carries an aeronautical mission to assist air navigation, plus a meteorological mission to provide imagery over the Asia-Pacific region for the hemisphere centered on 140 East. The meteorological mission includes an imager giving nominal hourly full Earth disk images in five spectral bands (one visible, four infrared). MTSAT are spin stabilized satellites. With this system images are built up by scanning with a mirror that is tilted in small successive steps from the north pole to south pole at a rate such that on each rotation of the satellite an adjacent strip of the Earth is scanned. It takes about 25 minutes to scan the full Earth's disk. This builds a picture 10,000 pixels for the visible images (1.25 km resolution) and 2,500 pixels (4 km resolution) for the infrared images. The MTSAT-2 (also known as Himawari 7) and its radiometer (MTSAT-2 Imager) was successfully launched on 18 February 2006. For this Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset, skin sea surface temperature (SST) measurements are calculated from the IR channels of the MTSAT-2 Imager full resolution data in satellite projection on a hourly basis by using Bayesian Cloud Mask algorithm at the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO). L2P datasets including Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0.

SEVIRI_SST-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the Eastern Atlantic Region from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellites (launched 5 July 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from MSG/SEVIRI. SEVIRI level 1.5 data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05 degree regular grid (60S-60N and 60W-60E) SST fields obtained by aggregating all 15 minute SST data available in one hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

SEVIRI_IO_SST-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

This dataset is produced by the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-1), Meteosat-8 satellite (launched on 28 August 2002). The dataset covers the Indian Ocean region with latitude of 60S-60N and longitude of 101.5E-18.5W. Level-3C SST, in the NetCDF format recommended by Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST), is identical to Level-2P GHRSST products, 3 refers to gridded products and C to the fact that hourly products result from compositing 15 minutes (MSG) or 30 minutes (GOES-E) data. The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), OSI SAF is producing SST products in near real time from MSG/SEVIRI. SEVIRI level 1.5 data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the SEVIRI infrared channels (10.8 and 12.0 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 15 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05-degree regular grid (60S-60N and 135W-15W) SST fields obtained by aggregating all 15-minute SST data available in one-hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AVHRR_SST_METOP_B_NAR-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-B (MetOp-B) platform (launched 17 Sep 2012). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo- France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm. This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

VIIRS_SST_NPP_NAR-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) based on retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm. This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AVHRR_SST_METOP_A_NAR-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) platform (launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from Metop/AVHRR and SNPP/VIIRS. Global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Meteo-France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. NAR SNPP/VIIRS level 0 data are acquired through direct readout and converted into l1b at CMS. SST is retrieved from the AVHRR and VIIRS infrared channels using a multispectral algorithm. This product is delivered as four six hourly collated files per day on a regular 2km grid. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AVHRR_SST_NOAA19_NAR-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009). This particular dataset is produced by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) in France. The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The NOAA-19 platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The NAR products are SST fields derived from 1km AVHRR data that are re-mapped onto a 0.02 degree equal angle grid. In the processing chain, global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. A cloud mask is applied and SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared (IR) channels by using a multispectral technique. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

GOES13-OSISAF-L3C-v1.0

A regional Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 3 Collated (L3C) dataset for the America Region (AMERICAS) based on retrievals from the GOES-13 Imager on board GOES-13 satellite. The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near real time from GOES 13 in East position. GOES 13 imager level 1 data are acquired at Meteo- France/Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. SST is retrieved from the GOES 13 infrared channels (3.9 and 10.8 micrometer) using a multispectral algorithm. Due to the lack of 12 micrometer channel in the GOES 13 imager, SST retrieval is not possible in daytime conditions. Atmospheric profiles of water vapor and temperature from a numerical weather prediction model, together with a radiatiave transfer model, are used to correct the multispectral algorithm for regional and seasonal biases due to changing atmospheric conditions. Every 30 minutes slot is processed at full satellite resolution. The operational products are then produced by remapping over a 0.05 degree regular grid (60S-60N and 135W-15W) SST fields obtained by aggregating 30 minute SST data available in one hour time, and the priority being given to the value the closest in time to the product nominal hour. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2.

AMSR2-REMSS-L3U_RT-v8.2

This product contains a near-real-time (NRT) Level-3U Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (identified by "rt" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The NRT SST is made as available as soon as possible, generally within 3 hours latency. The v8.2 supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-3TR8A.

AMSR2-REMSS-L3U_RT-v8a

GDS2 Version -The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Golbal Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. From about 700 km above the Earth, AMSR2 will provide us highly accurate measurements of the intensity of microwave emission and scattering. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS), providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v8" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v8" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 2 days.

GMI-REMSS-L3U-v8.2a

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite was launched on February 27th, 2014 with the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) instrument on board. The GPM mission is a joint effort between NASA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and other international partners. In march 2005, NASA has chosen the Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado to build the GMI instrument on the continued success of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite by expanding current coverage of precipitation from the tropics to the entire world. GMI is a dual-polarization, multi-channel, conical-scanning, passive microwave radiometer with frequent revisit times. One of the primary differences between GPM and other satellites with microwave radiometers is the orbit, which is inclined 65 degrees, allowing a full sampling of all local Earth times repeated approximately every 2 weeks. The GPM platform undergoes yaw maneuvers approximately every 40 days to compensate for the sun's changing position and prevent the side of the spacecraft facing the sun from overheating. Today, the GMI instrument plays an essential role in the worldwide measurement of precipitation and environmental forecasting. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of its major products. The GMI data from the Remote Sensing System (REMSS) have been produced using an updated RTM, Version-8. The V8 brightness temperatures from GMI are slightly different from the V7 brightness temperatures; The SST datasets are available in near-real time (NRT) as they arrive, with a delay of about 3 to 6 hours, including the Daily, 3-Day, Weekly, and Monthly time series products.

TMI-REMSS-L3U-v7.1a

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is a well calibrated passive microwave radiometer, similar to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), that contains lower frequency channels required for sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals. The TRMM is part of the NASA's mission to planet Earth, and is a joint venture between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure precipitation, water vapor, sea surface temperature (SST) and surface wind in the global tropical regions and was launched in 27 November 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan. The TRMM satellite travels west to east in a 402 km altitude semi-equatorial processing orbit that results in day-to-day changes in the observation time of any given earth location between 38S and 38N. Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) has produced a Version-7.1a TMI SST dataset for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) by applying an algorithm to the 10.7 GHz channel through a removal of surface roughness effects. In contrast to infrared SST observations, microwave retrievals can be measured through clouds, which are nearly transparent at 10.7 GHz. Microwave retrievals are also insensitive to water vapor and aerosols. The algorithm for retrieving SSTs from radiometer data is described in "AMSR Ocean Algorithm.

AMSR2-REMSS-L3U-v8.2

This product contains a “Final” (Refined) Level-3U Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (currently identified by "v8.2" within the file name) for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, which is derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS). AMSR2 was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. The “Final” SSTs are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v8.2" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 2 days. The v8.2 L3U SST supersedes the previous v8a dataset which can be found at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHAM2-3UR8A.

WindSat-REMSS-L3U-v7.0.1a

The WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer, launched on January 6, 2003 aboard the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite, was designed to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. It developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Remote Sensing Division and the Naval Center for Space Technology for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). In addition to wind speed and direction, the instrument can also measure sea surface temperature, soil moisture, ice and snow characteristics, water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Unlike previous radiometers, the WindSat sensor takes observations during both the forward and aft looking scans. This makes the WindSat geometry of the earth view swath quite different and significantly more complicated to work with than the other passive microwave sensors. The Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) WindSat products are the only dataset available that uses both the fore and aft look directions. By using both directions, a wider swath and more complicated swath geometry is obtained. RSS providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of WindSat instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7.0.1a" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v7.0.1a" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 7 days. The version with letter "a" refers to the file incompliance with GHRSST format.

N21-VIIRS-L3U-ACSPO-v2.80

The N21-VIIRS-L3U-ACSPO-v2.80 dataset produced by the NOAA ACSPO system derives the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-2 satellite, renamed as NOAA-21 (N21). N21 was launched on Nov. 10, 2022, the 3rd satellite in the US NOAA latest JPSS series.

The ACSPO N21 VIIRS L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO N21 VIIRS L2P product, also available at PO.DAAC (10.5067/GHV21-2P280). The L3U output files are 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The ACSPO N21 VIIRS SST record is available back to 19 Mar 2023. There are 144 granules per 24 hour interval, with a total data volume of 0.6GB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SST, a subset of variable l2p_flags (including day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), wind speed, and the SST minus reference CMC SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST, 10.5067/GHCMC-4FM03). Only L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST.

The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data provided by NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam) using another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM).

VIIRS_N20-STAR-L3U-v2.80

NOAA-20 (N20/JPSS-1/J1) is the second satellite in the US NOAA latest generation Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), launched on November 18, 2017. The ACSPO N20/VIIRS L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO N20/VIIRS L2P product available here https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_N20-STAR-L2P-v2.80. The L3U output files are 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.5GB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, a subset of l2p_flags (including day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHCMC-4FM03). Only L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data in SQUAM. The v2.80 is an updated version from the v2.61 with several L2P algorithm improvements including two added thermal front layers, mitigated warm biases in the high latitudes, and improved clear-sky mask.

VIIRS_NPP-STAR-L3U-v2.80

The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), starting with S-NPP launched on 28 October 2011, is the new generation of the US Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). The ACSPO SNPP/VIIRS L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO NPP/VIIRS L2P product available here https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/VIIRS_NPP-STAR-L2P-v2.80 . The L3U output files are 10-minute granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.5GB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, a subset of l2p_flags (including day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://www.doi.org/10.5067/GHCMC-4FM03). Only L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data in SQUAM. The v2.80 is an updated version from the v2.61 with several L2P algorithm improvements including two added thermal front layers, mitigated warm biases in the high latitudes, and improved clear-sky mask.

AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB-v2.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships and buoys), and the specific datasets employed may change over. At the marginal ice zone, sea ice concentrations are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this file is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. Note that this is the AVHRR-ONLY (AVHRR-OI), available from September 1, 1981, but there is a companion SST product that includes microwave satellite data, available from June 2002.

AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB-v2.1

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature dataset is produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships, buoys, and Argo floats above 5m depth), and the specific datasets employed may change over time. In the regions with sea-ice concentration higher than 30%, freezing points of seawater are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this dataset is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. The v2.1 (Huang et al. 2021) is updated from the previous AVHRR_OI-NCEI-L4-GLOB-v2.0 data. Major improvements include: 1) In-situ ship and buoy data changed from the NCEP Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) to the NCEI merged TAC + Binary Universal Form for the Representation (BUFR) data, with large increases of buoy data included to correct satellite SST biases; 2) Addition of Argo float observed SST data as well, for further correction of satellite SST biases; 3) Satellite input from the METOP-A and NOAA-19 to METOP-A and METOP-B, removing degraded satellite data; 4) Revised ship-buoy SST corrections for improved accuracy; and 5) Revised sea-ice-concentration to SST conversion to remove warm biases in the Arctic region. These updates only apply to data after January 1st, 2016. The data pre 2016 are still the same as v2.0 except for metadata upgrades. NCEI has panned to update the entire dataset from 1982 to fix the In-Situ data ingest and bias correction which exist prior 2016.

CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Canadian Meteorological Center. This dataset merges infrared satellite SST at varying points in the time series from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) from NOAA-18,19, the European Meteorological Operational-A (METOP-A) and Operational-B (METOP-B), and microwave data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W satellite in conjunction with in situ observations of SST from drifting buoys and ships from the ICOADS program. It uses the previous days analysis as the background field for the statistical interpolation used to assimilate the satellite and in situ observations. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

CMC0.2deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v2.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Canadian Meteorological Center. This dataset merges infrared satellite SST at varying points in the time series from the (A)TSR series of radiometers from ERS-1, ERS-2 and Envisat, AVHRR from NOAA-16,17,18,19 and METOP-A, and microwave data from TMI, AMSR-E and Windsat in conjunction with in situ observations of SST from drifting buoys and ships from the ICOADS program. It uses the previous days analysis as the background field for the statistical interpolation used to assimilate the satellite and in situ observations. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

DMI_OI-DMI-L4-GLOB-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) using an optimal interpolation (OI) approach on a global 0.05 degree grid. The analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several satellites. The sensors include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2), the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua. An ice field from the EUMETSAT OSI-SAF is used to mask out areas with ice. This dataset adheres to the version 2 GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS).

GAMSSA_28km-ABOM-L4-GLOB-v01

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis, produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.25 degree grid. This Global Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (GAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from passive infrared and passive microwave radiometers with in situ data from ships, drifting buoys and moorings from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). SST observations that have experienced recent surface wind speeds less than 6 m/s during the day or less than 2 m/s during night are rejected from the analysis. The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects. Sea ice concentrations are supplied by the NOAA/NCEP 12.7 km sea ice analysis. In the absence of observations, the analysis relaxes to the Reynolds and Smith (1994) Monthly 1 degree SST climatology for 1961 - 1990.

K10_SST-NAVO-L4-GLOB-v01

This is a Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis dataset produced daily on an operational basis by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) on a global 0.1x0.1 degree grid. The K10 (NAVO 10-km gridded SST analyzed product) L4 analysis uses SST observations from the following instruments: Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). The AVHRR data for this comes from the MetOp-A, MetOp-B, and NOAA-19 satellites; VIIRS data is sourced from the Suomi_NPP satellite; SEVIRI data comes from the Meteosat-8 and -11 satellites. The age (time-lag), reliability, and resolution of the data are used in the weighted average with the analysis tuned to represent SST at a reference depth of 1-meter. Input data from the AVHRR Pathfinder 9km climatology dataset (1985-1999) is used when no new satellite SST retrievals are available after 34 days. Comparing with its predecessor (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5067/GHK10-L4N01 ), this updated dataset has no major changes in Level-4 interpolated K10 algorithm, except for using different satellite instrument data, and updating metadata and file format. The major updates include: (a) updated and enhanced the granule-level metadata information, (b) converted the SST file from GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) v1.0 to v2.0, (c) added the sea_ice_fraction variable to the product, and (d) updated the filename convention to reflect compliance with GDS v2.0.

MUR25-JPL-L4-GLOB-v04.2

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced as a retrospective dataset at the JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC using wavelets as basis functions in an optimal interpolation approach on a global 0.25 degree grid. The version 4 Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) L4 analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several instruments including the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the JAXA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on GCOM-W1, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms, the US Navy microwave WindSat radiometer, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on several NOAA satellites, and in situ SST observations from the NOAA iQuam project. The ice concentration data are from the archives at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) High Latitude Processing Center and are also used for an improved SST parameterization for the high-latitudes. The dataset also contains an additional SST anomaly variable derived from a MUR climatology (average between 2003 and 2014). This dataset was originally funded by the NASA MEaSUREs program (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/our-community/community-data-system-programs/measures-projects ) and the NASA CEOS COVERAGE project and created by a team led by Dr. Toshio M. Chin from JPL. It adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

MUR-JPL-L4-GLOB-v4.1

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced as a retrospective dataset (four day latency) and near-real-time dataset (one day latency) at the JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC using wavelets as basis functions in an optimal interpolation approach on a global 0.01 degree grid. The version 4 Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) L4 analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several instruments including the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the JAXA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on GCOM-W1, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms, the US Navy microwave WindSat radiometer, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on several NOAA satellites, and in situ SST observations from the NOAA iQuam project. The ice concentration data are from the archives at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) High Latitude Processing Center and are also used for an improved SST parameterization for the high-latitudes. The dataset also contains additional variables for some granules including the SST anomaly (variable sst_anomaly) derived from a MUR climatology, and the temporal distance in hours to the nearest IR measurement for each pixel (variable dt_1km_data). Variable dt_1km_data first appears in the time series on October 4, 2015, while sst_anomaly starts July 23, 2019. This dataset was originally funded by the NASA MEaSUREs program (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/our-community/community-data-system-programs/measures-projects), and created by a team led by Dr. Toshio M. Chin from JPL. It adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications. Use the file global metadata "history:" attribute to determine if a granule is near-realtime or retrospective.

MW_IR_OI-REMSS-L4-GLOB-v5.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.09-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from both microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite, and infrared (IR) sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platform and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-NPP satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST) while infrared radiometers (i.e., MODIS) have a higher spatial resolution. This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.

MW_IR_OI-REMSS-L4-GLOB-v5.1

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.09-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the WindSat on the Coriolis satellite, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, as well as infrared (IR) sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 satellites. These MW sensors are used through the SST production based on the sensor data availability. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST) while infrared radiometers (i.e., MODIS) have a higher spatial resolution. This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Compared with the previous version 5.0 dataset, version 5.1 is processed using updated input files, VIIRS on NOAA-20 is included, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor are updated, and deficiencies in the OI processing have been addressed.

MW_OI-REMSS-L4-GLOB-v5.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST). This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.

MW_OI-REMSS-L4-GLOB-v5.1

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the WindSat on the Coriolis satellite, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite. These MW sensors are used through the SST production based on the sensor data availability. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST). This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Compared with the previous version 5.0 dataset, version 5.1 is processed using updated input files, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor are updated, and deficiencies in the OI processing have been addressed.

Geo_Polar_Blended-OSPO-L4-GLOB-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.054 degree grid. The Geo-Polar Blended Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Analysis combines multi-satellite retrievals of sea surface temperature into a single analysis of SST. This analysis uses both daytime and nighttime data from sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager, the Japanese Advanced Meteorological Imager (JAMI) and in situ data from ships, drifting and moored buoys. This analysis was specifically produced to be used as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

OSTIA-UKMO-L4-GLOB-v2.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the UK Met Office using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.05x0.05 degree grid. The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) analysis uses satellite data from over 10 unique sensors that include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) and in situ data from ships, drifting and moored buoys. This analysis was specifically produced to be used as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications and is updated daily with 24-hours nominal latency in a Near Real Time (NRT) mode. UKMO also produces the higher quality reprocessed OSTIA L4 SST using more sensors and data with a biannual latency (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/OSTIA-UKMO-L4-GLOB-REP-v2.0).

OSTIA-UKMO-L4-GLOB-REP-v2.0

The Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis Reprocessed (OSTIA-REP) is a GHRSST reprocessed Level-4 sea surface temperature and ice-concentration analysis produced by the UK Met Office (UKMO) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a global 0.05 degree grid. It is a sister product of the Near Real Time version (OSTIA-NRT), but incorporates satellite data from over 25 different SST sensors as well as in situ data from drifting and moored buoys. The OSTIA-REP is produced on a biannual frequency when more satellite and climatology observations are available from existing geostationary IR, and polar orbiting IR and MW satellites in addition to the data used in OSTIA-NRT.

While OSTIA-NRT is produced to mainly serve as a lower boundary condition in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, this OSTIA-REP aims to provide a more accurate and consistent record of SST measurements over time, which is crucial for detecting long-term climate trends and variability. Both versions follow GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format guidelines.

Data to June 2022 are also distributed through the E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (https://marine.copernicus.eu/, DOI: https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00168 with the following license). Please refer to the user guide for more information.

RAMSSA_09km-ABOM-L4-AUS-v01

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis, produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a regional 1/12 degree grid over the Australian region (20N - 70S, 60E - 170W). This Regional Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (RAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from passive infrared and passive microwave radiometers, with in situ data from ships, Argo floats, XBTs, CTDs, drifting buoys and moorings from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). SST observations that have experienced recent surface wind speeds less than 6 m/s during the day or less than 2 m/s during night are rejected from the analysis. The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects. Sea ice concentrations are supplied by the NOAA/NCEP 12.7 km sea ice analysis. In the absence of observations, the analysis relaxes to the BoM Global Weekly 1 degree OI SST analysis, which relaxes to the Reynolds and Smith (1994) Monthly 1 degree SST climatology for 1961 - 1990.

REMO_OI_SST_5km-UFRJ-L4-SAMERICA-v1.0

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature (SST) analysis produced daily on an operational basis by the Oceanographic Modeling and Observation Network (REMO) at Applied Meteorology Laboratory/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LMA/UFRJ) using the Barnes sub optimal interpolation (OI) technique on a regional 0.05 degree grid. REMO uses Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites series (NOAA 15, NOAA 16, NOAA 17, NOAA 18 and NOAA 19) and Microwave Imager (TMI) data from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) which is a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to generate 0.05 degree daily cloud free blended (infrared and microwave) SST products (approximately 5.5 km). The data lies between latitudes 45 S and 15 N and longitudes 70 W and 15 W region and are fully validated by in situ measurements from eleven buoys of Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA).AVHRR is a scanning radiometer capable of detecting energy from land, ocean and atmosphere. It operates with six spectral bands arranged in the regions of visible and infrared region. TRMM was launched in December, 1997, having an orbital inclination of 53 degree and altitude 350 km, an equatorial orbit that ranges from 40 N to 40 S and a spatial resolution of 0.25 degree (∼27.75 km). Although infrared AVHRR SST data have high spatial resolution, they are contaminated by cloud cover and aerosols, while lower resolution microvwave TMI data are barely influenced by these.

SPORT-MSFC-L4-GLOB-v1.0

The GHRSST Level 4 SPoRT Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v1.0) dataset is produced by the by the NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) project to provide continuous high-resolution composited near global (80N – 80S) sea surface temperature fields twice daily at 2 km resolution for regional weather, maritime, and coastal applications.

It was originally a regional L4 dataset based on MODIS Aqua/Terra Level 2 SST inputs. Currently, the SPoRT SST analysis composites seven-days of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite L2 SST data, with additional data from OSTIA and Geo-Polar Blended L4 SST products into a single analysis. Two types of weighting are used in the compositing process. One weight is for the data latency and the other for the product type and spatial resolution. The VIIRS and AVHRR data, being at 750m and 1km resolution respectively, are given the most weight, while the L4 datasets are given weaker weights.

This SPoRT SST dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications with full netCDF-4 and metadata compliance. The SPoRT project is funded by NASA and the data produced at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.

L3S_LEO_AM-STAR-v2.80

NOAA STAR produces two lines of gridded 0.02 degree super-collated L3S LEO sub-skin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) datasets, one from the NOAA afternoon JPSS (L3S_LEO_PM) satellites and the other from the EUMETSAT mid-morning Metop (L3S_LEO_AM) satellites. The L3S_LEO_AM is derived from three Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) Metop-FG satellites: Metop-A, -B and -C . The Metop-FG satellite program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the joint NOAA/EUMETSAT Initial Joint Polar System Agreement, has contributed three Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors capable of collecting and transmitting data in the Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC; 1km/nadir) format. The L3S_LEO_AM dataset is produced by aggregating three L3U datasets from MetOp-FG satellites (MetOp-A, -B and -C; all hosted in PO.DAAC) and covers from Dec 2006-present. The L3S_LEO_AM SST dataset is reported in two files per 24-hour interval, daytime and nighttime (nominal Metop local equator crossing times around 09:30/21:30, respectively), in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The Near Real Time (NRT) L3S-LEO data are archived at PO.DAAC with approximately 6 hours latency, and then replaced by the Re-ANalysis (RAN) files about 2 months later, with identical file names. The dataset is validated against quality controlled in situ data, provided by the NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam; Xu and Ignatov, 2014), and monitored in another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; Dash et al, 2010). The L3S SST imagery and local coverage are continuously evaluated, and checked for consistency with other Level 2, 3 and 4 datasets in the ACSPO Regional Monitor for SST (ARMS) system. NOAA plans to include data from other mid-morning platforms and sensors, such as MetOp-SG METImage and Terra MODIS, into L3S_LEO_AM. More information about the dataset can be found under the Documentation and Citation tabs.

L3S_LEO_DY-STAR-v2.81

The L3S_LEO_DY-STAR-v2.81 dataset produced by the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system derives the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from multiple instruments, including the VIIRS onboard the Suomi-NPP, NOAA-20 and NOAA-21 satellites, AVHRR onboard Metop-A, B , C satellites and MODIS onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. The L3S-LEO is a family of multi-sensor super-collated (L3S) gridded 0.02º resolution SST products from low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The L3S-LEO PM ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLPM-3S281 ) and AM ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLAM-3SS28 ) data include SSTs from afternoon (1:30 am/pm) and mid-morning (9:30 am/pm) satellites, respectively. The PM and AM SSTs, for both day (D) and night (N), and Terra MODIS SSTs, are further aggregated into a daily L3S-LEO-DY SST product.

The L3S-DY-SST combines the both L3S-LEO-PM/AM SSTs into a single daily product. It covers from 2000-02-24 to present and is reported in one file per 24h interval. Data are in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The v2.81 succeeds the v2.80 dataset (not available from the PO.DAAC) with the following improvements: (1) The L3S-LEO-PM input was updated from v2.80 to v2.81; and (2) ACSPO Terra MODIS SST is included from 2000-02-24 to 2021-12-31. The inclusion of Terra extends the availability of L3S-LEO-DY back to 2000-02-24 (from 2006-12-01 in v2.80). The SST diurnal warming effects from different daily observation times across the series of instruments have been corrected and are described in the publications by Jonasson et al., 2022

The Near Real Time (NRT) data are available with 6h latency, and replaced by the Re-ANalysis (RAN) files in 2 months, with identical file names. They can be differentiated by the file creation time and ancillary inputs. The data are validated against quality controlled in situ data from the NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam; https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/sst/iquam), and monitored in another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/sst/squam)

L3S_LEO_PM-STAR-v2.81

The L3S_LEO_PM-STAR-v2.81 dataset produced by the NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system derives the Subskin Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the VIIRSs (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) onboard the Suomi-NPP, NOAA-20 and NOAA-21 satellites and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard the Aqua satellite. The L3S-LEO is a family of multi-sensor super-collated (L3S) gridded 0.02º resolution SST products from low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The L3S-LEO-PM ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLPM-3S281 ) and AM ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLAM-3SS28 ) data include SSTs from afternoon (1:30 am/pm) and mid-morning (9:30 am/pm) satellites, respectively. The PM and AM SSTs, for both day (D) and night (N), and Terra MODIS SSTs, are further aggregated into a daily L3S-LEO-DY SST product ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLDY-3S281 ).

This PM SST product is derived by collating individual satellite ACSPO L3U data ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHVRS-3UO61, https://doi.org/10.5067/GHV20-3UO61 and https://doi.org/10.5067/GHN21-3U280 ). It covers from 2002-07-04 to present and is reported in 2 files daily, day and night, at 1:30am/pm local time. The SST is in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). The v2.81 is updated from the previous v2.80 ( https://doi.org/10.5067/GHLPM-3SS28 ): (1) v2.81 includes 3 VIIRSs (NPP, N20, and N21 from 2023-03-19 - on); (2) Aqua MODIS SST included from 2002-07-04 to 2022-12-31; (3) Time series in v2.81 extended back to 2002-07-04 (from 2012-02-01 in v2.80); (4) recently uncovered VIIRS daytime SST drifts in NPP and N20 SSTs of approximately -0.1 K/decade mitigated.

The Near Real Time (NRT) data are available with 6h latency, and replaced by the Re-ANalysis (RAN) files in 2 months, with identical file names. They can be differentiated by the file creation time and ancillary inputs. The data are validated against quality controlled in situ data from the NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam; https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/sst/iquam), and monitored in another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/sst/squam)

ABI_G16-STAR-L3C-v2.70

The ACSPO G16/ABI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO G16/ABI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G16-STAR-L2P-v2.70. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in netCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 24 granules per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.2GB/day. Fill values are reported at all invalid pixels, including pixels with 5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland), the following layers are reported: SSTs, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed, and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).

ABI_G16-STAR-L2P-v2.70

GOES-16 (G16) is the first satellite in the US NOAA third generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), a.k.a. GOES-R series (which will also include -S, -T, and -U). G16 was launched on 19 Nov 2016 and initially placed in an interim position at 89.5-deg W, between GOES-East and -West. Upon completion of Cal/Val in Dec 2018, it was moved to its permanent position at 75.2-deg W, and declared NOAA operational GOES-East on 18 Dec 2018. NOAA is responsible for all GOES-R products, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). The ABI offers vastly enhanced capabilities for SST retrievals, over the heritage GOES-I/P Imager, including five narrow bands (centered at 3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um) out of 16 that can be used for SST, as well as accurate sensor calibration, image navigation and co-registration, spectral fidelity, and sophisticated pre-processing (geo-rectification, radiance equalization, and mapping). From altitude 35,800 km, G16/ABI can accurately map SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 15-135-deg W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir (degrading to 15km at view zenith angle, 67-deg) and temporal sampling of 10min (15min prior to 2 Apr 2019). The Level 2 Preprocessed (L2P) SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system. ACSPO first processes every 10min FD data SSTs are derived from BTs using the ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; Petrenko et al., 2010) and Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014). Currently, only 4 longwave bands centered at 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um are used (the 3.9 microns was initially excluded, to minimize possible discontinuities in the diurnal cycle). The regression is tuned against quality controlled in situ SSTs from drifting and tropical mooring buoys in the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014). The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr L2P product, with improved coverage, and reduced cloud leakages and image noise, compared to each individual 10min image. In the collated L2P, SSTs and BTs are only reported in clear-sky water pixels (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river, and up to 5 km inland) and fill values elsewhere. The L2P is reported in netCDF4 GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) format, 24 granules per day, with a total data volume of 0.6GB/day. In addition to SST, ACSPO files also include sun-sensor geometry, four BTs in ABI bands 11 (8.4um), 13 (10.3um), 14 (11.2um), and 15 (12.3um) and two reflectances in bands 2 and 3 (0.64um and 0.86um; used for cloud identification). The l2p_flags layer includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags. Other variables include NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference SST (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0). Pixel-level earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. To obtain those, user has a choice of using a flat lat-lon file, or a Python script, both available at ftp://ftp.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/socd4/coastwatch/sst/nrt/abi/nav/. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel. The ACSPO VIIRS L2P product is monitored and validated against in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) using the Satellite Quality Monitor SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010), and BTs are validated against RTM simulation in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (0.2GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution), ACSPO L3C product is also available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G16-STAR-L3C-v2.70, where gridded L2P SSTs are reported, and BT layers omitted.

ABI_G17-STAR-L3C-v2.71

The ACSPO G17/ABI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO G17/ABI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G17-STAR-L2P-v2.71. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). Due to the loop heat pipe (LHP) issue on G17 ABI, there are only 13 granules available per 24hr interval, from 20UTC to 08UTC, followed by a break from 09UTC to 19UTC, with a total data volume of 0.1GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. The following additional layers are also reported: SST, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).

ABI_G17-STAR-L2P-v2.71

GOES-17 (G17) is the second satellite in the US NOAA's GOES-R series. It was launched on 1 Mar 2018 in an interim position at 89.5-deg W for initial Cal/Val, moved to its nominal position at 137.2-deg W in Nov 2018, and declared NOAA operational GOES-West satellite on 12 Feb 2019. Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is a 16 channel sensor, of which five (3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, 12.3 um) are suitable for SST. From altitude 35,800km, G17/ABI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 163E-77W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km/nadir to 15km/VZA 67-deg, and 10-min temporal sampling. The ABI L2P SST is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA ACSPO system. ACSPO processes every 10-min FD, identifies good-quality ocean pixels (Petrenko et al., 2010) and derives SST using Non-Linear SST (NLSST) algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014). Unfortunately, the G17 ABI loop heat pipe (LHP) that should maintain the ABI at its intended temperature, is not operating at its designed capacity, which required mitigations to the ACSPO algorithms and releasing an updated ACSPO version 2.71 (Pennybacker et al, 2019). In particular, band 11.2um, most subject to calibration problems, is not used leading to a 3-band (8.4, 10.3, and 12.3um) NLSST, and increased calibration problems prevent SST retrievals at night. As a result, the G17 SST is only reported for 13 out of 24hrs/day, from 20UTC to 08UTC. The 10-min FD data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr product, with improved coverage and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The collation algorithm also reduces G17 excessive sensor noise and striping to levels similar to G16. The collated SSTs are only reported over clear-sky water pixels. All pixels with valid SSTs are recommended for use. The L2P is reported in NetCDF4 GDS2 format, 13 granules per day, with a total data volume 0.3GB/day. ACSPO files also report sun-sensor geometry, wind speed and l2p_flags (day/night, land, ice, twilight, glint flags). Per GDS2 specifications, two Sensor-Specific Error Statistics (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel (Petrenko et al., 2016). Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Those can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script (see Documentation page). The ACSPO G17 ABI SSTs are continuously validated in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010). A reduced size (0.1GB/day), 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded L3C product is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/ABI_G17-STAR-L3C-v2.71.

AHI_H08-STAR-L2P-v2.70

Himawari-8 (H08) was launched on 7 October 2014 into its nominal position at 140.7-deg E, and declared operational on 7 July 2015. The Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI; largely identical to GOES-R/ABI) is a 16 channel sensor, of which five (3.9, 8.4, 10.3, 11.2, and 12.3 um) are suitable for SST. Accurate sensor calibration, image navigation and (co)registration, high spectral fidelity, and sophisticated pre-processing (geo-rectification, radiance equalization, and mapping) offer vastly enhanced capabilities for SST retrievals, over the heritage GOES-I/P and MTSAT-2 Imagers. From altitude 35,800km, H08/AHI maps SST in a Full Disk (FD) area from 80E-160W and 60S-60N, with spatial resolution 2km at nadir to 15km at view zenith angle 67-deg, with a 10-min temporal sampling. The AHI L2P (swath) SST product is derived at the native sensor resolution using NOAA's Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) system. ACSPO processes every 10-min FD data, identifies good quality ocean pixels (Petrenko et al., 2010) and derives SST using the four-band (8.4, 10.3, 11.2 and 12.3um) Non-Linear SST (NLSST) regression algorithm (Petrenko et al., 2014), trained against in situ SSTs from drifting and tropical mooring buoys in the NOAA iQuam system (Xu and Ignatov, 2014). The 10-min data are subsequently collated in time, to produce 1-hr L2P product, with improved coverage, and reduced cloud leakages and image noise. The collated L2P reports SSTs and brightness temperatures (BTs) in clear-sky water pixels (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river), and fill values elsewhere. All pixels with valid SSTs are recommended for use. ACSPO files also include sun-sensor geometry, l2p_flags (day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), and NCEP wind speed. The L2P is reported in NetCDF4 GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2) format, 24 granules per day, with a total data volume 0.6GB/day. Pixel earth locations are not reported in the granules, as they remain unchanged from granule to granule. Those can be obtained using a flat lat/lon file or a Python script (see Documentation page). Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel (Petrenko et al., 2016). The H08 AHI SSTs and BTs are continuously validated against in situ data in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010), and RTM simulation in MICROS (Liang and Ignatov, 2011). A reduced size (0.2GB/day), 0.02-deg equal-angle gridded ACSPO L3C product is available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AHI_H08-STAR-L3C-v2.70.

AHI_H08-STAR-L3C-v2.70

The ACSPO H08/AHI L3C (Level 3 Collated) product is a gridded version of the ACSPO H08/AHI L2P product available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AHI_H08-STAR-L2P-v2.70. The L3C output files are 1hr granules in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 24 granules available per 24hr interval, with a total data volume of 0.2GB/day. Valid SSTs are found over clear-sky oceans, sea, lakes or rivers, with fill values reported elsewhere. The following layers are reported: SST, ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags), NCEP wind speed and ACSPO SST minus reference (Canadian Met Centre 0.1deg L4 SST; available at https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/CMC0.1deg-CMC-L4-GLOB-v3.0 ). All valid SSTs in L3C are recommended for users, although data over internal waters may not have enough in situ data to be adequately validated. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST (Petrenko et al., 2016). The ACSPO VIIRS L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in SQUAM (Dash et al, 2010).

AVHRRF_MA-STAR-L3U-v2.80

This L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) dataset contains global daily Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on a 0.02 degree grid resolution. It is produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) using L2P (Level 2 Preprocessed) product acquired from the Meteorological Operational satellite A (Metop-A) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 3 (AVHRR/3) (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AVHRRF_MA-STAR-L2P-v2.80 ) in Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC) mode as input. It is distributed as 10-minute granules in netCDF-4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24-hour interval. Fill values are reported in all invalid pixels, including land pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river), and up to 5 km inland, the following major layers are reported: SSTs and ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags). Only input L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. Ancillary layers include wind speed and ACSPO minus reference Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Level 4 (L4) SST. The ACSPO Metop-A AVHRR FRAC L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in the NOAA SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) system (Dash et al, 2010). SST imagery and clear-sky mask are evaluated, and checked for consistency with L2P and other satellites/sensors SST products, in the NOAA ACSPO Regional Monitor for SST (ARMS) system. More information about the dataset is found at AVHRRF_MA-STAR-L2P-v2.80 and in (Pryamitsyn et al., 2021).

AVHRRF_MA-STAR-L2P-v2.80

The MetOp First Generation (FG) is a European multi-satellite program jointly established by ESA and EUMETSAT, comprising three satellites, MetOp-A, -B and -C. The primary sensor onboard MetOp-FG, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3 (AVHRR/3) contributed by NOAA, measures Earth emissions and reflectances in 5 out of 6 available bands (centered at 0.63, 0.83, 1.61, 3.7, 11 and 12 microns), in a swath of 2,600km from an 817km altitude. These data are collected in a Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC) mode, with pixel size of 1.1km at nadir. MetOp-A launched on 19 October 2006 is the first in the MetOp-FG series. The NOAA Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) Level 2 Preprocessed (L2P) SST product is derived at the full AVHRR FRAC resolution and reported in 10 minute granules in NetCDF4 format, compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). Subskin SSTs are derived using the regression Nonlinear SST (NLSST) algorithm, which employs three bands (3.7, 11 and 12 microns) at night and two bands (11 and 12 microns) during the day. The ACSPO AVHRR FRAC L2P product is monitored and validated against quality controlled in situ data, provided by the NOAA in situ SST Quality Monitor system (iQuam; Xu and Ignatov, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00121.1 ), in another NOAA system, SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM; Dash et al, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHO756.1 ). SST imagery and clear-sky masking are continuously evaluated, and checked for consistency with other sensors and platforms, in the ACSPO Regional Monitor for SST (ARMS) system. MetOp-A orbital characteristics and AVHRR/3 sensor performance are tracked in the NOAA 3S system (He et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040346 ).The L2P Near Real Time (NRT) SST files are archived at PO.DAAC with 3-6 hours latency, and then replaced by the Re-ANalysis (RAN) SST after about 2 months later with identical file names. Two features can be used to identify them: different file name time stamps and netCDF global attribute metadata source=NOAA-NCEP-GFS for NRT and source=MERRA-2 for RAN. A reduced size (0.45GB/day), equal-angle gridded (0.02-deg resolution) ACSPO L3U product is available at https://doi.org/10.5067/GHMTA-3US28

AVHRRF_MB-STAR-L3U-v2.80

This L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) dataset contains global daily Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on a 0.02 degree grid resolution. It is produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) using L2P (Level 2 Preprocessed) product acquired from the Meteorological Operational satellite B (Metop-B) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 3 (AVHRR/3) (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AVHRRF_MB-STAR-L2P-v2.80 ) in Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC) mode as input. It is distributed as 10-minute granules in netCDF-4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24-hour interval. Fill values are reported in all invalid pixels, including land pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river), and up to 5 km inland, the following major layers are reported: SSTs and ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags). Only input L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. Ancillary layers include wind speed and ACSPO minus reference Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Level 4 (L4) SST. The ACSPO Metop-B AVHRR FRAC L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in the NOAA SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) system (Dash et al, 2010). SST imagery and clear-sky mask are evaluated, and checked for consistency with L2P and other satellites/sensors SST products, in the NOAA ACSPO Regional Monitor for SST (ARMS) system. More information about the dataset is found at AVHRRF_MB-STAR-L2P-v2.80 and in (Pryamitsyn et al., 2021).

AVHRRF_MC-STAR-L3U-v2.80

This L3U (Level 3 Uncollated) dataset contains global daily Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on a 0.02 degree grid resolution. It is produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) using L2P (Level 2 Preprocessed) product acquired from the Meteorological Operational satellite C (Metop-C) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 3 (AVHRR/3) (https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/AVHRRF_MC-STAR-L2P-v2.80 ) in Full Resolution Area Coverage (FRAC) mode as input. It is distributed as 10-minute granules in netCDF-4 format, compliant with the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Data Specification version 2 (GDS2). There are 144 granules per 24-hour interval. Fill values are reported in all invalid pixels, including land pixels with >5 km inland. For each valid water pixel (defined as ocean, sea, lake or river), and up to 5 km inland, the following major layers are reported: SSTs and ACSPO clear-sky mask (ACSM; provided in each grid as part of l2p_flags, which also includes day/night, land, ice, twilight, and glint flags). Only input L2P SSTs with QL=5 were gridded, so all valid SSTs are recommended for the users. Per GDS2 specifications, two additional Sensor-Specific Error Statistics layers (SSES bias and standard deviation) are reported in each pixel with valid SST. Ancillary layers include wind speed and ACSPO minus reference Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Level 4 (L4) SST. The ACSPO Metop-C AVHRR FRAC L3U product is monitored and validated against iQuam in situ data (Xu and Ignatov, 2014) in the NOAA SST Quality Monitor (SQUAM) system (Dash et al, 2010). SST imagery and clear-sky mask are evaluated, and checked for consistency with L2P and other satellites/sensors SST products, in the NOAA ACSPO Regional Monitor for SST (ARMS) system. More information about the dataset is found at AVHRRF_MC-STAR-L2P-v2.80 and in (Pryamitsyn et al., 2021).

OISST_HR_NRT-GOS-L4-MED-v2.0

CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.0625deg. x 0.0625deg. horizontal resolution over the Mediterranean Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Mediterranean sea.

OISST_UHR_NRT-GOS-L4-MED-v2.0

CNR MED Sea Surface Temperature provides daily gap-free maps (L4) at 0.01 deg. x 0.01deg. horizontal resolution over the Mediterranean Sea. The data are obtained from infra-red measurements collected by satellite radiometers and statistical interpolation. It is the CMEMS sea surface temperature nominal operational product for the Mediterranean sea.

MSG04-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The GHRSST L2P MSG04 SST v1.0 dataset is produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat-11 (MSG4) satellite. It provides the full disk SEVIRI imagery covering the Atlantic Ocean region from its position at 0.0°E longitude. The L2P SST is produced at approximately 3 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. On Feb. 2, 2018 the Meteosat-11 (MSG4) took over the Meteosat-10 (MSG3) (MSG03-OSPO-L2P-v1.0) and produced the L2P SST data from Sept 10. 2018 to March 24, 2023. In March 2023, Meteosat-10 and Meteosat-11 were swapped roles and orbital positions. The MSG03 has started to produce the L2P SST data again over the Atlantic Ocean region. Be aware that the granules before Dec. 1, 2022 contain some uncorrected metadata errors.

The SST measurements from SEVIRI are parameters in study of the weather, atmosphere, climate and ocean environments. Meteosat satellites have been providing crucial data for weather forecasting since 1977.

This L2P SST product which includes Single Sensor Error Statistics (i.e., uncertainty statistics) follows the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0 format guidelines. Please refer to the user guide for more information.

MSG01-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The GHRSST L2P MSG01 SST v1.0 dataset is produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat-8 (MSG1) satellite. It provides the full disk SEVIRI imagery covering the Indian Ocean region from its position at 45.5°E longitude. The L2P SST is produced at approximately 3 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. The full data records stretch from Sept. 18, 2018 to June 1, 2022. After June 1, 2022, the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) took over as the prime geostationary satellite for the Indian Ocean region (MSG02-OSPO-L2P-v1.0). Be aware that the granules before Dec. 1, 2022 contain some uncorrected metadata errors.

The SST measurements from SEVIRI are key parameters in study of the weather, atmosphere, climate and ocean environments. Meteosat satellites have been providing crucial data for weather forecasting since 1977.

This L2P SST product which includes Single Sensor Error Statistics (i.e., uncertainty statistics) follows the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0 format guidelines. Please refer to the user guide for more information.

MSG02-OSPO-L2P-v1.0

The GHRSST L2P MSG02 SST v1.0 dataset is produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) satellite. It provides the full disk SEVIRI imagery covering the Indian Ocean region from its position at 45.5°E longitude. The L2P SST is produced at approximately 3 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. On June 1, 2022, the Meteosat-9 (MSG2) replaced the Meteosat-8 (MSG1) (MSG01-OSPO-L2P-v1.0) and produced the L2P SST data from June 11. 2022 to the present. This dataset will be updated every 15 minutes as a forward data stream with 3-24 hours nominal latency. Be aware that the granules before Dec. 1, 2022 contain some uncorrected metadata errors.

The SST measurements from SEVIRI are key parameters in study of the weather, atmosphere, climate and ocean environments. Meteosat satellites have been providing crucial data for weather forecasting since 1977.

This L2P SST product which includes Single Sensor Error Statistics (i.e., uncertainty statistics) follows the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0 format guidelines. Please refer to the user guide for more information.

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NASA GHRSST Project was accessed on DATE from https://registry.opendata.aws/nasa-ghrsst.