NASA Climate Project

Description

This dataset provides two 30-year climate normal data products for conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM; ~18,000 years ago) and a modern time period (1975-2005) for the entire state of Alaska. The first set of products are monthly climate variable averages at 60 m resolution, including: minimum, maximum, and average temperatures, total precipitation, total surface radiation, rain, snow, potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), and water deficit. The second set of products are annual summary climate variable averages for the same variables (excepting average temperature and rain) at 60m, 120m, 240m, 800m, 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km, 5km, 10km and 12km resolutions. The 30-year climate normal monthly averages were derived by topographically downscaling climate variables from existing coarse-resolution general circulation model outputs combined with local weather station data and digital surface models for Alaska for both the LGM and modern time periods at 60 m resolution. From this baseline, monthly averages for total surface radiation, rain, snow, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and water deficit were also modeled. The annual averages are coarser resolution upsampled versions of the 60 m resolution monthly average data.

NASASatellite_Dev_Applications_2293

This dataset provides a presentation that highlights the role NASA research and researchers played in developing a wide range of significant, quantitative ecological applications of satellite data. The presentation by Dr Diane E. Wickland, former NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program Manager and Lead for NASA Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Focus Area, provides a top-level overview from her perspective of the development and evolution of the program. Dr Wickland joined NASA in 1985 to manage a newly formed Terrestrial Ecosystems Program. Along with other NASA program managers, she was charged with reorienting the program to be less empirical and have a greater focus on first principles, and to prepare for a next generation of earth-observing satellites. As an ecologist, she thought that focusing on important ecological questions and recruiting practicing ecologists to the program would facilitate such a change in directions. The presentation emphasizes the early years of U.S. satellite remote sensing and covers a few highlights after 2005.

EastAnglia10YearMean_549

This is a data set of 10-year mean monthly surface climate data over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, for the period 1901-1990. The data set is gridded at 0.5 degree latitude/longitude resolution and includes seven variables: precipitation, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure, cloud cover, and ground-frost frequency. In constructing the monthly grids the authors used an anomaly approach which attempts to maximize station data in space and time (New et al., 2000). In this technique, grids of monthly historic anomalies are derived relative to a standard normal period. Station measurement data for the years 1961-1990, extracted from the monthly data holdings of the Climatic Research Unit and the Global Historic Climatology Network (GHCN), served as the normal period (New et al., 1999). The anomaly grids were then combined with high-resolution mean monthly climatology to arrive at fields of estimated historical monthly surface climate. Data users are encouraged to see the companion file New et al.(2000) for a complete description of this technique and potential applications and limitations of the data set. For additional information, refer to the IPCC Data Distribution Centre.

EastAnglia30YearMean_550

This is a data set of 30-year mean monthly surface climate data over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, for the period 1901-1960. The data set is gridded at 0.5 degree latitude/longitude resolution and includes seven variables: precipitation, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure, cloud cover, and ground-frost frequency. In constructing the monthly grids the authors used an anomaly approach which attempts to maximize station data in space and time (New et al., 2000). In this technique, grids of monthly historic anomalies are derived relative to a standard normal period. Station measurement data for the years 1961-1990, extracted from the monthly data holdings of the Climatic Research Unit and the Global Historic Climatology Network (GHCN), served as the normal period (New et al., 1999). The anomaly grids were then combined with high-resolution mean monthly climatology to arrive at fields of estimated historical monthly surface climate. Data users are encouraged to see the companion file New et al.(2000) for a complete description of this technique and potential applications and limitations of the data set. For additional information, refer to the IPCC Data Distribution Centre.

CramerLeemans_416

This database is a major update of the Leemans and Cramer database (Leemans and Cramer 1991). It currently contains monthly averages of mean temperature, temperature range, precipitation, rain days and sunshine hours for the terrestrial surface of the globe, gridded at 0.5 degree longitude/latitude resolution. It was generated from a large data base, using the partial thin-plate splining algorithm developed by Michael F. Hutchinson, Canberra (Hutchinson and Bischof 1983).

EastAngliaClimate_542

This is a dataset of mean monthly surface climate measurements over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, for the period 1961-1990. Values were interpolated from station data to a 0.5 degree latitude/longitude grid for several climatic parameters: precipitation and wet-day frequency, mean temperature and diurnal temperature range (from which maximum temperature and minimum temperature can be determined), vapour pressure, sunshine, cloud cover, ground-frost frequency and windspeed. A description of the data files is provided as a companion file. For a complete documentation of the dataset, see New et al, 1999. Also refer to IPCC Data Distribution Centre.

CDIAC_NDP41_220

This data set contains monthly temperature, precipitation, sea-level pressure, and station-pressure data for thousands of meteorological stations worldwide. The database was compiled from pre-existing national, regional, and global collections of data as part of the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) project, the goal of which is to produce, maintain, and make available a comprehensive global surface baseline climate data set for monitoring climate and detecting climate change. It contains data from roughly 6000 temperature stations, 7500 precipitation stations, 1800 sea level pressure stations, and 1800 station pressure stations. Each station has at least 10 years of data, 40% have more than 50 years of data. Spatial coverage is good over most of the globe, particularly for the United States and Europe. Data gaps are evident over the Amazon rainforest, the Sahara Desert, Greenland, and Antarctica.

global_N_deposition_maps_830

This data set provides global gridded estimates of atmospheric deposition of total inorganic nitrogen (N), NHx (NH3 and NH4+), and NOy (all oxidized forms of nitrogen other than N2O), in mg N/m2/year, for the years 1860 and 1993 and projections for the year 2050. The data set was generated using a global three-dimensional chemistry-transport model (TM3) with a spatial resolution of 5 degrees longitude by 3.75 degrees latitude (Jeuken et al., 2001; Lelieveld and Dentener, 2000). Nitrogen emissions estimates (Van Aardenne et al., 2001) and projection scenario data (IPCC, 1996; 2000) were used as input to the model. The model output grids were subdivided into 50 km x 50 km sub-grids to create spatially defined deposition maps. The gridded data were assigned to continental and marine regions using boundaries delineated on a world data coverage from ESRI (1993).The data are stored as ASCII text files (.txt), in tab delimited format. The data can be used to produce maps that illustrate both the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric deposition of N, NHx, and NOy as well as the degree of alteration and regional heterogeneity in deposition through time. Nine data files are provided to produce the following maps:Global N Deposition (1860, 1993, and 2050)Global NHx Deposition (1860, 1993, and 2050)Global NOy Deposition (1860, 1993, and 2050).

GIS_EastAngliaClimateMonthly_551

This is a data set of mean monthly surface climate data over global land areas, excluding Antarctica, for nearly all of the twentieth century. The data set is gridded at 0.5 degree latitude/longitude resolution and includes seven variables: precipitation, mean temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet-day frequency, vapour pressure, cloud cover, and ground-frost frequency. All variables have mean monthly values for the period 1901-1995, several have data as recent as 1998, and more data will be added by the data originators. In constructing the monthly grids the authors used an anomaly approach which attempts to maximize station data in space and time (New et al., 2000). In this technique, grids of monthly historic anomalies are derived relative to a standard normal period. Station measurement data for the years 1961-1990, extracted from the monthly data holdings of the Climatic Research Unit and the Global Historic Climatology Network (GHCN), served as the normal period (New et al., 1999). The anomaly grids were then combined with high-resolution mean monthly climatology to arrive at fields of estimated historical monthly surface climate. Data users are encouraged to see the companion file New et al. (2000) for a complete description of this technique and potential applications and limitations of the data set. For additional information, refer to the IPCC Data Distribution Centre. Access to the complete year-by-year monthly data set or to data more recent than posted here can be achieved by making a request with the Climate Impacts LINK Project at the Climatic Research Unit (email: d.viner@uea.ac.uk, web site: www.cru.uea.ac.uk/link ).

EastAngliaPrecip_417

An historical monthly precipitation dataset for global land areas from 1900 to 1996, gridded at two different resolutions (2.5 degrees latitude by 3.75 degrees longitude and 5 degrees latitude/longitude).

global_N_cycle_797

Nitrogen is a major nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems and an important catalyst in tropospheric photochemistry. Over the last century human activities have dramatically increased inputs of reactive nitrogen (Nr, the combination of oxidized, reduced and organically bound nitrogen) to the Earth system. Nitrogen cycle perturbations have compromised air quality and human health, acidified ecosystems, and degraded and eutrophied lakes and coastal estuaries [Vitousek et al., 1997a, 1997b; Rabalais, 2002; Howarth et al., 2003; Townsend et al., 2003; Galloway et al., 2004]. To begin to quantify the changes to the global N cycle, we have assembled key flux data and N2O mixing ratios from various sources. The data assembled from different sources includes fertilizer production from 1920-2004; manure production from 1860-2004; crop N fixation estimated for three time points, 1860, 1900, 1995; tropospheric N2O mixing ratios from ice core and firn measurements, and tropospheric concentrations to cover the time period from 1756-2004. The changing N2O concentrations provide an independent index of changes to the global N cycle, in much the same way that changing carbon dioxide concentrations provide an important constraint on the global carbon cycle. The changes to the global N cycle are driven by industrialization, as indicated by fossil fuel NOx emission, and by the intensification of agriculture, as indicted by fertilizer and manure production and crop N2 fixation. The data set and the science it reflects are by nature interdisciplinary. Making the data set available through the ORNL DAAC is an attempt to make the data set available to the considerable interdisciplinary community studying the N cycle.

Global_Lakes_Methane_2008

This dataset provides global gridded information on lake surface area and open water CH4 emissions at a resolution of 0.25-degree x 0.25-degree for an annual climatology representative of the average conditions from 2003 to 2015. A compilation of flux data from 575 individual lake systems and 893 aggregated flux values were used, and each flux measurement was classified into one of seven ecoclimatic types. Ice-cover-regulated emission seasonality was derived from satellite microwave observations of ice cover phenology and freeze-thaw dynamics. Global lake area was determined from the merger of HydroLAKES and Climate Change Initiative Inland-Water (CCI-IW) remote-sensing data, and lakes were classified into ecoclimatic regions to facilitate linking these types with ecosystem-specific CH4 measurements in the flux compilation. Exploratory estimates of fluxes associated with ice melt and with spring and fall water-column turnover are also included. The data are provided in NetCDF format.

EM27_XCO2_XCH4_XCO_AK_1831

This dataset provides ground-based column-averaged dry mole fractions (DMFs) of CO2 (xco2), CO (xco), CH4 (xch4), and N2O (xn2o) to supplement satellite-based observations of carbon dynamics of northern boreal ecosystems. Measurements were conducted with Bruker EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) and two sites on the edges of the Tanana Flats wetlands to the south from 2016-08-04 to 2019-10-31. Single detectors were used during the first campaign at UAF in 2017, then two instruments were updated to dual detectors in early 2018 to allow retrieval of xco and xn2o. Data from additional FTS instruments, operated by Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), employed in these campaigns are included.

New_England_CH4_1311

This data set contains an inventory of natural and anthropogenic methane emissions for all counties in the six New England states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine. The inventory represents a snapshot in time (circa 1990-1994) and provides emission estimates for multiple sources including wetlands, landfills, ruminant animals, residential wood combustion, fossil fuel combustion and use, animal manure, wastewater treatment, and natural gas transmission pipelines. Also included is the uptake or sink of methane in relatively well-drained upland soils.

nitrogen_deposition_730

This data set contains data for wet and dry nitrogen-species deposition for the United States and Western Europe. Deposition data were acquired directly from monitoring programs in the United States and Europe covering time periods from 1978-1994 for wet deposition and from 1989-1994 for dry deposition and evaluated using similar quality assurance criteria to ensure comparability. A standard geostatistical method (kriging) was used to interpolate data onto a 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolution map for wet and dry deposition. Analysis of N deposition for these regions was limited by sampling density, frequency, and coverage. These spatially explicit wet and dry N fluxes also provide a tool for verifying regional and global models of atmospheric chemistry and transport, and represent critical inputs into terrestrial models of biogeochemistry. These data can be used to construct continental scale N budgets and to evaluate recent modification of land-atmosphere N exchange and ecosystem function (Holland et al., 2004). Data files of the site monitoring locations and monthly deposition averages are available in ASCII space-delimited format, and 0.5 x 0.5 degree gridded deposition values are available in both ASCII space-delimited format and ASCII grid format. The 11 mapped data images are available in .jpg format as companion files (e.g., Figs. 1 and 2). The complete set of 11 derived nitrogen-species 0.5 x 0.5 degree deposition maps is also available in .pdf format in the companion file. Other companion files include quality assurance plans and operating manuals available from and maintained by the United States and European monitoring networks.

Snowmelt_timing_maps_V2_1712

This data set provides snowmelt timing maps (STMs), cloud interference maps, and a map with the count of calculated snowmelt timing values for North America. The STMs are based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) standard 8-day composite snow-cover product MOD10A2 collection 6 for the period 2001-01-01 to 2018-12-31. The STMs were created by conducting a time-series analysis of the MOD10A2 snow maps to identify the DOY of snowmelt on a per-pixel basis. Snowmelt timing (no-snow) was defined as a snow-free reading following two consecutive snow-present readings for a given 500-m pixel. The count of STM values is also reported, which represents the number of years on record in the STMs from 2001-2018.

African_Rainfall_Patterns_1263

This data set describes rainfall distribution statistics over the African continent, including Madagascar. The rainfall estimates are based on data from the NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) measured between 1998 and 2012. Rainfall patterns were quantified using a gamma-based function and two Markov chain parameters with the aim to summarize the rainfall pattern to a small number of parameters and processes. These summary statistics are suitable for temporal downscaling. These data provide gridded (0.25 x 0.25-degree) estimates of 14-year mean monthly rainfall total amount (mm), frequency (count), intensity (mm/hr), and duration (hrs) of rainfall, as well as Markov chain and gamma-distribution parameters for use in temporal downscaling. The data are presented as a series of 12 netCDF (.nc) files.

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Update Frequency

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License

Creative Commons BY 4.0

Documentation

https://earthdata.nasa.gov/

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Contact

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How to Cite

NASA Climate Project was accessed on DATE from https://registry.opendata.aws/nasa-climate.